Chapter 14 Flashcards
A.M. Cassandre
At 14, moved to Paris from Ukraine. Graphic Design career began at 22 when he began making posters. His simple designs emphasize two-dimensionality and are composed of broad, simplified plains of color. Reduced his subjects to iconographic symbols. Most of his finest work was for railways and steamship lines.
Famous posters– 14-49 through 14-58
Art Deco
Popular geometric works of the 20s and 30s. To some extent an extension of art nouveau. Influences of cubism, Bauhaus, the Vienna secession, and De Stijl. Decorative geometry–used to express the modern era of the machine while satisfying a passion for decorative elements. Movement name derived from an exhibition in Paris in 1925.
A subcategory of pictoral modernism.
Not called by this name at the time of it’s existence.
Beggarstaff’s
Two men who were close friends, brothers-in-law and painters. Their names were James Pryde and William Nicholson. In1894, they decided to open an advertising business together. They decided to adopt psuedonames to protect their painting reputations. They found their new name on a sack of corn. The ignored the Art Nouveau trend, creating a new technique (later called collage). Flat color and simplistic shapes were revolutionary.
Their work was an artistic success but a financial disaster. Some of their most famous work was never printed. They returned to painting with some measure of success.
Edward (E.) McKnight Kauffer
Born in Great Falls, Montana. At age 12, began to work odd jobs to help support the family. Moved around the country working jobs and attending art schools. Eventually moved to Europe. Influenced by cubism and modern art in the posters he created. Created the long yellow poster with the geometric birds at the top for the Daily Herald. Also made a lot of posters for the London Underground.
Hans Rudi Erdt
Applied the Bernhardt approach to his poster design: flat background color; large, simple image; and a product name.
Posters: 14-10, 14-11(Motorcar posters)
Lucien Bernhard
Went to an Interior design exhibition and came home “drunk with color.” Redecorated his parent’s house while his father was away on business. He covered everything in lurid colors. When his father returned, he was not amused. He called his son a potential criminal. His son ran away from home that same day and never went back.
Entered a Priester (brand of matches) poster contest. Created a complex poster with dancers, a cigar smoking man, checkered tablecloth, etc. Eventually painted everything out except for the matches. The judges of the contest initially threw it out, but one judge rescued it, called in genius, and convinced the other judges.
Plakastil movement. He moved graphic communications one step further towards simplifaction and reduction of visual language. Latrec started to process and the Beggarstaffs continued it- but he established this simplified approach to the poster (flat shapes, product name, and product image).
Paved the way for the constructivist movement. Also studied architecture, furniture design, wallpapers, office buildings, factories, etc. Also had a type made based on his hand lettering that bares his name. Also helped create more typefaces during his time in America.
Ludwig Holwein
a leading Plakastil designer, began his career as a graphic illustrator. A lot of his art focused on changing social conditions. Inspired by the Beggarstaffs, but utilized a rich range of texture and decorative pattern to his images (fig. 14-37 through 14-42).
Commissioned by the Nazi party for political posters.
Photomontage
Piet Mondrian
Plakastil
Reductive, flat-color design school of thought that emerged in Germany. Word means “Poster Style.”
