Chapter 14 Flashcards
A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has what condition?
Meningitis
A predominance of which waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed?
Alpha
After a stroke, a patient complains about a lack of sensitivity in their right hand. The stroke most likely affected which part of their brain?
Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe
Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex.
True or False
True
Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations in the_________.
superior sagittal sinus
Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?
Substantia nigra
Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect which of the following?
Expression of emotional feelings
From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order?
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
In which structure is the arbor vitae found?
Cerebellum
Injury to the reticular formation can result in which of the following?
Irreversible coma
Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in which structure?
Cerebellum
Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain?
Thalamus
Nonfluent aphasia, due to a lesion in the_________, results in slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, or use of words that only approximate the correct word.
Broca area
Planning, motivation, and social judgment are functions of the brain associated with which part of the cerebrum?
Frontal lobe
Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain?
Hypothalamus
Short-term memory is associated with the_________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the_________.
cerebral cortex; hippocampus
The amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus are involved in such feelings as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain.
True or False
True
The blood-CSF barrier is composed of dense regular connective tissue lining the ventricles.
True or False
False
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) helps prevent hemorrhages in the nervous tissue of the brain.
True or False
False
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following?
Glucose and oxygen
The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.
True or False
False
he cerebellum is_________ to the cerebrum.
posterior
The cerebrum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci.
True or False
True
The epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
True or False
False
The forebrain consists of the cerebrum and the diencephalon.
True
False
True
The gray matter of the cerebrum forms a surface layer called the_________ and deeper masses called_________ surrounded by white matter.
cortex; nuclei
The medulla oblongata originates from which structure?
Myelencephalon
The pons and cerebellum arise from which secondary embryonic vesicle?
Metencephalon
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by_________.
the longitudinal fissure
The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are derivatives of which embryonic structure?
Diencephalon
The_________ is responsible for awareness of general sensation (e.g., touch), and the_________ is responsible for making cognitive sense of it.
primary somatosensory cortex; somatosensory association area
There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain?
Thalamus
What is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face?
trigeminal nerve (V)
What is the largest part of the hindbrain?
Cerebellum
What is the most posterior component of the brainstem?
Medulla oblongata
What type of brain wave is dominant when a person is awake and resting with closed eyes?
Alpha waves
Where are the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers found?
Medulla oblongata
Where are the hippocampus and amygdala found?
Limbic system
Where is the third ventricle located?
Diencephalon
Which cranial nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Vagus nerve (X)
Which cranial nerve pathway would be used to look cross-eyed at the tip of your nose?
Abducens
Which of the following is correct regarding the occipital lobe?
It is the principal visual center of the brain
Which of the following is not a function of CSF?
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue
Which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Which of the following occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?
The muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate and respiratory rate increase.
Which of the following structures appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla?
Pons
Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)?
tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
Which of the following structures does not contain CSF?
Dural sinus
