ANS

Question 1

A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a_________ neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter_________.

Answer 1

preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 2

Acetylcholine (ACh) always has an excitatory effect.
True or False

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
True or False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic axon terminals secrete adrenaline.

True or False

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except _________.

Answer 5

maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck

Question 6

Axons of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.
True or False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Binding of norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory.
True or False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Damage to the_________ may affect near vision accommodation.

Answer 8

oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Question 9

If a cell has image adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to _________.

Answer 9

norepinephrine (NE)

Question 10

In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called_________ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to_________ its beats per minute.

Answer 10

baroreceptors; decrease

Question 11

Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron.
True or False

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Most axons of the parasympathetic nervous system travel in the_________ nerve.

Answer 12

vagus

Question 13

Most preganglionic axons in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with_________.

Answer 13

10-20 postganglionic neurons

Question 14

Most preganglionic axons synapse with postganglionic axons in the dorsal root ganglia.
True or False

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Muscarinic receptors bind_________.

Answer 15

acetylcholine

Question 16

Preganglionic axons of the autonomic efferent pathway are_________ and secrete_________.

Answer 16

myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 17

Preganglionic axons run from the_________ to the_________.

Answer 17

gray matter; autonomic ganglia

Question 18

Sympathetic axons arenot associated with_________.

Answer 18

stimulation of digestion

Question 19

Sympathetic axons arise only from the_________ region(s) of the spinal cord.

Answer 19

thoracic and lumbar

Question 20

ympathetic effects tend to last_________ than parasympathetic effects. One reason is that_________.

Answer 20

longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down

Question 21

The adrenal medulla secretes mostly _________.

Answer 21

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 22

The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.
True or False

Answer 22

False

Question 23

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the_________.

Answer 23

skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis

Question 24

The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery.
True or False

Answer 24

False

Question 25

The binding of_________ to a nicotinic receptor of a muscle fiber will_________ it.

Answer 25

acetylcholine; excite

Question 26

The effect of autonomic fibers on target cells is_________. The effect of somatic fibers on target cells is_________.

Answer 26

excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory

Question 27

The enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine (NE) is called _________.

Answer 27

monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Question 28

The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves_________ neurons.

Answer 28

two

Question 29

The neurotransmitter(s) associated with autonomic ganglia is(are)_________.

Answer 29

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 30

The parasympathetic division arises from the_________ regions of the spinal cord.

Answer 30

brain, sacral, and coccygeal

Question 31

The parasympathetic division stimulates digestion. True or False

Answer 31

False

Question 32

The solar plexus is used as a name for the_________.

Answer 32

the celiac and mesenteric ganglia

Question 33

The sympathetic chain of ganglia is found at the_________ levels of the spinal cord.

Answer 33

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

Question 34

Under normal circumstances, both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are active simultaneously. True or False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Answer 35

It has short preganglionic axons.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a feature of the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Answer 36

It has long preganglionic axons.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a reason that somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes?

Answer 38

The effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more neurons.

Question 39

Which of the following is true regarding the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 39

Its denervation would cause hypersensitivity.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true regarding parasympathetic tone?

Answer 40

It holds the resting heart rate below its intrinsic rate.

Question 41

Which of the following structures is not associated with the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 41

Oculomotor nerve

Question 42

Which of the following structures releases neurotransmitter molecules in a paravertebral ganglion?

Answer 42

Sympathetic preganglionic axon

Question 43

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

Answer 43

Sensory receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → gland

Question 44

White rami carry_________ neurons, while gray rami carry_________ neurons.

Answer 44

myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic

Question 45

________ nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing.

Answer 45

Splanchnic