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BIO 425 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

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1
Q

A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a_________ neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter_________.

A

preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh)

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2
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh) always has an excitatory effect.
True or False

A

False

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3
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
True or False

A

True

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4
Q

All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic axon terminals secrete adrenaline.

True or False

A

False

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except _________.

A

maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck

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6
Q

Axons of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.
True or False

A

True

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7
Q

Binding of norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a beta-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory.
True or False

A

True

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8
Q

Damage to the_________ may affect near vision accommodation.

A

oculomotor nerve (CN III)

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9
Q

If a cell has image adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to _________.

A

norepinephrine (NE)

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10
Q

In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called_________ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to_________ its beats per minute.

A

baroreceptors; decrease

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11
Q

Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron.
True or False

A

False

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12
Q

Most axons of the parasympathetic nervous system travel in the_________ nerve.

A

vagus

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13
Q

Most preganglionic axons in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with_________.

A

10-20 postganglionic neurons

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14
Q

Most preganglionic axons synapse with postganglionic axons in the dorsal root ganglia.
True or False

A

False

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15
Q

Muscarinic receptors bind_________.

A

acetylcholine

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16
Q

Preganglionic axons of the autonomic efferent pathway are_________ and secrete_________.

A

myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)

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17
Q

Preganglionic axons run from the_________ to the_________.

A

gray matter; autonomic ganglia

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18
Q

Sympathetic axons arenot associated with_________.

A

stimulation of digestion

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19
Q

Sympathetic axons arise only from the_________ region(s) of the spinal cord.

A

thoracic and lumbar

20
Q

ympathetic effects tend to last_________ than parasympathetic effects. One reason is that_________.

A

longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down

21
Q

The adrenal medulla secretes mostly _________.

A

epinephrine (adrenaline)

22
Q

The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.
True or False

A

False

23
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the_________.

A

skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis

24
Q

The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery.
True or False

A

False

25
Q

The binding of_________ to a nicotinic receptor of a muscle fiber will_________ it.

A

acetylcholine; excite

26
Q

The effect of autonomic fibers on target cells is_________. The effect of somatic fibers on target cells is_________.

A

excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory

27
Q

The enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine (NE) is called _________.

A

monoamine oxidase (MAO).

28
Q

The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves_________ neurons.

A

two

29
Q

The neurotransmitter(s) associated with autonomic ganglia is(are)_________.

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

30
Q

The parasympathetic division arises from the_________ regions of the spinal cord.

A

brain, sacral, and coccygeal

31
Q

The parasympathetic division stimulates digestion.
True or False

A

False

32
Q

The solar plexus is used as a name for the_________.

A

the celiac and mesenteric ganglia

33
Q

The sympathetic chain of ganglia is found at the_________ levels of the spinal cord.

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

34
Q

Under normal circumstances, both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are active simultaneously.
True or False

A

True

35
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

A

It has short preganglionic axons.

36
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A

It has long preganglionic axons.

37
Q
A
38
Q

Which of the following is not a reason that somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes?

A

The effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more neurons.

39
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the autonomic nervous system?

A

Its denervation would cause hypersensitivity.

40
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding parasympathetic tone?

A

It holds the resting heart rate below its intrinsic rate.

41
Q

Which of the following structures is not associated with the autonomic nervous system?

A

Oculomotor nerve

42
Q

Which of the following structures releases neurotransmitter molecules in a paravertebral ganglion?

A

Sympathetic preganglionic axon

43
Q

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

A

Sensory receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → gland

44
Q

White rami carry_________ neurons, while gray rami carry_________ neurons.

A

myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic

45
Q

________ nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing.

A

Splanchnic

BIO 425 (4 decks)

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