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BIO 425 > CHAPTER 13 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

“Somatosensory” does not refer to sensory signals from_________.

A

the viscera

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2
Q

A ganglion is a swelling along a nerve containing the cell bodies of peripheral neurons.
True or False

A

True

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3
Q

A ganglion is a_________.

A

cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

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4
Q

A mixed nerve consists of both_________ and_________.

A

afferent; efferent fibers

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5
Q

A reflex in which the sensory input and motor output are on opposite sides of the spinal cord is called_________.

A

contralateral

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6
Q

A simple spinal reflex typically involves how many neurons?

A

three

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7
Q

A stretch reflex is often accompanied by reciprocal inhibition.
True or False

A

True

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8
Q

A_________ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous________

A

nerve; axons

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9
Q

Cell bodies of the anterior root are located in the_________.

A

gray matter

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10
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid fills the space between the_________.

A

arachnoid mater and pia mater

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11
Q

Epidural anesthesia is introduced to the epidural space between the_________ to block pain signals during pregnancy.

A

dural sheath and vertebral bones

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12
Q

Eyes and ears are innervated by_________ fibers.

A

special

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13
Q

Interneurons are located in the_________.

A

spinal cord

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14
Q

Many upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons in the_________.

A

anterior horn

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15
Q

Motor commands are carried by_________ from the brain along the spinal cord.

A

descending tracts

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16
Q

Nerve fibers are insulated from one another by_________.

A

endoneurium

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17
Q

Nerve fibers in a given white matter tract are similar in origin, destination, and function.
True or False

A

TRue

18
Q

Reflex arcs that only use two neurons are called_________ reflex arcs.

A

monosynaptic

19
Q

Second-order neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the_________.

A

thalamus

20
Q

Sensory stimuli enter the spinal cord via_________.

A

afferent axon

21
Q

Somatic reflexes are responses of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
True

False

A

False

22
Q

The bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 is called the_________.

A

cauda equina

23
Q

The cervical plexus is the origin of the_________ nerve(s).

A

phrenic

24
Q

The connective tissue that surrounds a nerve fascicle is called the _________.

A

perineurium

25
Q

The fibers that carry the action potentials that cause skeletal muscle to contract are_________.

A

alpha motor neurons

26
Q

The middle layer of the meninges is called the_________.

A

arachnoid mater

27
Q

The upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles begin with a body in the_________.

A

precentral gyrus of the cerebrum

28
Q

There are_________ pairs of spinal nerves.

A

31

29
Q

Voluntary motor impulses leave the spinal cord via the_________ of gray matter.

A

anterior horn

30
Q

Which of the following branches of a spinal nerve has the cell bodies of only sensory neurons?

A

Posterior (dorsal) root

31
Q

Which of the following fractures would be the least likely to cause a spinal cord injury?

A

A fracture of vertebra L4

32
Q

Which of the following is comprised of anterior rami from C5-T1?

A

Brachial plexus

33
Q

Which of the following is contained within gray matter?

A

Cell bodies, dendrites, and proximal parts of axons of neurons

34
Q

Which of the following is not a distal branch of the spinal nerve?

A

Posterior root

35
Q

Which of the following is not a function associated with the spinal cord?

A

Protect neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts

36
Q

Which of the following is not a property of reflexes?

A

Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

37
Q

Which of the following is not considered a region of the spinal cord?

A

Pelvic

38
Q

Which of the following nerves originates in the lumbosacral plexus?

A

Sciatic

39
Q

Which of the following sensory functions involves neurons in the posterior root ganglion?

A

Touch

40
Q

Which of the following structures is the richest in lipid content?

A

White matter

41
Q

Which one of the following best describes the order of a somatic reflex?

A

Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

BIO 425 (4 decks)

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