chapter 14 Flashcards
true or false: By volume, most of the ice on Earth is in the form of sea ice.
false
define non tabular ice berg
An iceberg with any shape other than tabular.
define tabular ice berg
Flat-topped, steep-sided iceberg with a length greater than five times the height.
define polyna
An area of persistent open water in areas otherwise covered with ice.
define pack ice
Free-floating ice floes.
define sea ice
Ice formed by the freezing of seawater.
define ice field
An area covered by ice floes.
define frazil
Small, needle-like crystals in the first stages of sea ice formation
define ice floe
A relatively large piece of floating sea ice
define iceberg
A large mass of glacial ice floating in the ocean that was formed on or adjacent to land.
define brinicle
Downward-growing vertical hollow tube formed by supercooled brine.
define firn
The granular transitional state between snow and ice within a glacier.
define grease ice
An accumulation of frazil to create a slushy consistency in sea ice formation.
define pressure ridge
Jagged ridge created from colliding and buckling ice floes.
define glacial ice
Ice formed from the accumulation and compression of snow into glaciers.
define fast ice
Large, solid ice sheets that are attached to land.
define nilas
A thin surface sheet of sea ice.
what is is the most important factor in deciding the pathway for sea ice formation?
winds and waves
Polynyas that occur in the open ocean are known as
_________
polynyas and are thought to be the result of
__________
whereas polynyas that are formed near a barrier are known as
________
polynyas and
______
act to remove the newly formed ice.
sensible heat, upwelling, latent heat, and winds
true or false: Most large icebergs are formed from sea ice.
false
true or false:10 cm of fresh water glacial ice will support less weight than the same thickness of sea ice.
false
The Arctic is warming faster, about twice as fast, than low-latitude regions, a phenomenon known as
________
. The primary driver appears to be ________
Arctic amplification and decline in sea ice
true or false: Sea ice first forms at colder temperatures than fresh water ice.
true
what is the correct order in the stages of sea ice formation:
frazil → grease ice → nilas → pancake ice → ice floe
true or false:Most large icebergs are formed from sea ice.
false
The floating chunks of sea ice are referred to as
pack ice
Tabular icebergs are more common near:
antarctica
what is/are correct regarding ice and climate change?
Arctic sea ice extent has been declining over the past few decades, Arctic sea ice extent has been declining over the past few decades, Some areas of Antarctica have been showing warming temperatures and declining ice, while other areas have cooled and showed increasing ice
true or false: Sea ice is almost as salty as seawater.
false
true or false:10 cm of fresh water ice will support more weight than the same thickness of sea ice
true
define pancake ice
small, rounded, thin pieces of sea ice that will freeze together to form
an ice floe
what is a domed ice berg
iceberg
with a rounded top
what is a pinnicled ice berg
an iceberg with
one or more tall spires
what is a blocky ice berg
iceberg with a flat top
and steep sides, but their
length to height ratio is not as
great as it is for a tabular
iceberg
what is a wedge ice berg
iceberg with a
steep face next to a more
gradually sloping sid
what is a drydock ice berg
iceberg with a
water-covered channel
running through it
what is a tabular ice berg
flat-topped, steep-sided
iceberg with a length greater
than five times the height
