chapter 13

Question 1

The place where ocean meets land is usually called the

Answer 1

shore

Question 2

to the larger zone affected by the processes that occur at this boundary is the

Answer 2

coast

Question 3

New coasts in which the dominant processes are those that remove coastal material are grouped under the term

Answer 3

erosional coasts

Question 4

coasts whereas coasts that are steady or growing because of their rate of sediment accumulation or the action of living organisms are called

Answer 4

depositional coasts

Question 5

A current running parallel to shore in the surf zone, caused by the incomplete refraction of waves approaching the beach at an angle is called the:

Answer 5

longshore current

Question 6

define sea stack

Answer 6

A prominent towering rocky island that is a remnant of the erosion of a headland.

Question 7

define sea cave

Answer 7

A shallow cave formed on a rocky shore by wave erosion

Question 8

define delta

Answer 8

A sedimentary deposit, subaerial or subaqueous, built by a river into a standing body of water.

Question 9

define baymouth bar

Answer 9

An exposed sandbar attached to a headland adjacent to a bay and extending across the mouth of the bay.

Question 10

define lagoon

Answer 10

A shallow body of seawater generally isolated from the ocean by a barrier island.

Question 11

define sea cliff

Answer 11

A coastal escarpment that is typically eroding inland as a result of wave action

Question 12

define sea island

Answer 12

An island whose central core was connected to the mainland when sea level was lower. Rising ocean separates these high points from land, and sedimentary processes surround them with beaches

Question 13

define beach

Answer 13

Zone of loose particles that covers part or all of a shore.

Question 14

define distributary mouth bar

Answer 14

A bar typically consisting of sand and finer grained material built at the mouth of a delta.

Question 15

define sea arch

Answer 15

Feature carved in a headland by waves and strong longshore currents that started out as a cave and extended upwards.

Question 16

deine blowhole

Answer 16

A hole in the ceiling of an arch or sea cave through which water is ejected when waves approach

Question 17

define fjord

Answer 17

A deep, U-shaped estuary that was carved out by advancing glaciers.

Question 18

define spit

Answer 18

A sand or coarser deposit extending from shore out into open water

Question 19

define tombolo

Answer 19

A sand or coarser deposit connecting an island or rocky prominence to the mainland.

Question 20

define wave cut platform

Answer 20

A nearly-horizontal bench of rock eroded by waves within the surf zone

Question 21

define barrier island

Answer 21

A long, narrow, wave-built island lying parallel to the mainland and separated from it by a lagoon or bay.

Question 22

All estuaries are ultimately formed from:

Answer 22

rising sea level

Question 23

Groins :

Answer 23

trap sand normally moved by longshore transport and often cause increased erosion downstream of the groin.

Question 24

what are features of a beach

Answer 24

The berm divides the foreshore from the backshore.

Bars and troughs are features seaward of the beach that change seasonally.

The dry region of a beach is the backshore.

Question 25

The amount of time required for an estuary to undergo an exchange of water is ____________ time.

Answer 25

flushing

Question 26

A sand ridge connecting the mainland with an island is a:

Answer 26

tombolo

Question 27

what is generally a feature of a barrier island?

Answer 27

dunes, lagoons, beaches, salt marches

Question 28

All estuaries are ultimately formed from:

Answer 28

rising sea level

Question 29

If you move from the head of an estuary to the mouth of an estuary and do not notice any change in surface salinity, you are probably in which type of estuary?

Answer 29

salt wedge

Question 30

f you took a series of salinity measurements and found that salinity was constant at all depths in a particular estuarine location, you are probably in which kind of estuary?

Answer 30

vertically mixed

Question 31

The tidal prism is:

Answer 31

the volume of seawater that enters an estuary in each tidal cycle

Question 32

true or false: A beach where backwash dominates swash will probably be very sandy.

Answer 32

false

Question 33

what is an estuary

Answer 33

a partially enclosed body of water where seawater is diluted by
freshwater input.

Question 34

what is a mangrove

Answer 34

large flowering
shrub or tree that grows in
dense thickets or forests along
muddy or silty tropical coasts.

Question 35

what is hard stabalization

Answer 35

he building of physical structures to prevent the erosion of
beaches and shorelines