Chapter 14

Question 1

Mass wasting

Answer 1

Downslope movement of rock, regolith and soil under the influence of gravity that
doesn’t require a transportation medium such as water, wind or ice.

Question 2

Landslide

Answer 2

Non-specific term for rapid mass movements of rock or soil

Question 3

Classification of mass wasting processes (3)

Answer 3

1. Type of motion
2. Type of material
3. Rate of movement

Question 4

Types of motions (3)

Answer 4

1. Falling
2. Sliding
3. Flowing

Question 5

Falling

Answer 5

Motion vertically downwards, often through the air.

Question 6

Sliding

Answer 6

A cohesive unit of rock or soil moves along a clearly defined plane. Caused by weak planes in folded and faulted rocks, glacial erosion, mines.

Question 7

Slump

Answer 7

Special case of sliding where the material rotates as it moves along a well defined curved

Question 8

Flowing

Answer 8

Material moves as viscous fluid with turbulent flow.

Question 9

Types of material in mass movement (2)

Answer 9

Unconsolidated (debris, earth flow) or bedrock (rock slide)

Question 10

Rates of movement (3)

Answer 10

Creep rate, freeze thaw cycle, solifluction (water saturated over solid layer).

Question 11

Controls and Triggers of mass wasting (6)

Answer 11

Shear stress, friction, water, vegetation, construction, earthquakes

Question 12

Oversteepening

Answer 12

A slope that becomes steeper than the angle of repose (25-40°).

Question 13

Landslide hazard reduction methods (2)

Answer 13

Barriers/protection, and landslide forecasts