Chapter 14 Flashcards
Define symbiosis
Two organisms living in association with one another. Ex. Organism living on another’s skin
Normal flora
Microorganisms living on another organism without causing disease.
Opportunistic pathogen
Needs an opportunity to make it passed immune system. Ex. Breaks in skin
Reservoir of infection
Site where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection (for a long period of time)
What are the three types of reservoirs?
- Animal reservoirs
- Human carriers
- Non-living reservoirs
Diseases spread by animals are called what?
Zoonoses
How does transmission occur with animal reservoirs?
Eating animal, contact with waste (including inhaling), biological vectors, and animal bites (bodily fluids)
What are two ways to control transmission of diseases from animal reservoirs?
Get rid of animals (ex. Mosquitos) or treat animals with preventative vaccines
Reservoir is large that means what? And if the animal is wild what is it called?
Many animals and sylvatic
Why can human carriers be difficult?
They may appear asymptomatic and spread the disease as no one realizes they are a carrier since there are no signs/symptoms ex. Typhoid Mary
What’s included in non-living reservoirs
Water,soil,food due to fecal-oral route
Ex.E-coli (food) giardia(water), and clostridium bacillus (soil).
How do pathogens enter the body?
(3 ways)
- Skin
-direct (burrow/digestion)
-hair follicles
-sweat glands - Mucus membrane
- easier to cross than skin and tend to be the most common entry way - Placenta
What’s another way a pathogen can enter but isn’t a natural portal?
Parental route which is a bypass of normal barriers due to needles.
Manifestations of a disease
Symptoms (subjective characteristics of a disease based on a patients feelings. Cannot be seen). Ex. Headache, nausea,pain, etc.
Signs ( objective characteristics of a disease measurable and can be seen by others). Ex. Fever,swelling, vomiting, etc.
If a disease has no symptoms (but may have signs), it is called an…
Asymptomatic infection
When a group of symptoms and signs collectively characterize a disease, the disease is called…
A syndrome