Ch 11, 19-21 Flashcards
Define extremophile
organisms with the ability to thrive in extreme environments.
Define methanogen
microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic by-product in oxygen-limited environments.
Define beta-lactamase
diverse class of enzymes produced by bacteria that break open the beta-lactam ring, inactivating the beta-lactam antibiotic. Found in gram (-) bacteria.
Ex. Resistant to penicillin
Define M-protein
Define buboes
Describe the type III secretion system
Identify the common features of organisms in the Domain Archaea
Cell type: prokaryote
Cell walls: not peptidoglycan
Cell membranes: phospholipids (may be branched)
Unique rRNA,DNA contains introns, diverse in nutritional and environmental requirements. Ex. Extremophiles, methanogens
Sulfolobus
(Archaea)
Acidophile: pH 2
Thermophile: 70 c
Found in sulfur rich hot spring (national parks)
Uses sulfur for respiration instead of oxygen
Halobacterium
(Archaea)
Includes: halophile
Grow in salty environment.
Opt: 17-23% salt
Found in great salt lake and solar evaporation ponds for salt manufacture
What does bacteriorhodopsin do?
It’s used to harvest sunlight for energy and is alternative to silicon for faster computer chips.
Has a purple pigment
Ex. Phototroph
Methanobacterium
(Archaea)
Largest group of archaea that are obligate anaerobes which convert co2/acids into CH4 (methane). Found in marshes, swamps, intestines of animals and marine sediments. Also used in sewage treatment
Define biogas
Methane from digestion of sludge, organic waste
Ex. Cow manure, landfill waste
Characteristics of bacteria
Cell type: prokaryote
Cell walls: peptidoglycan
Cell membranes: phospholipids that form bilayer but no branching FA’s
Unique rRNA
Phylum Firmicutes
(Bacteria)
Low-GC (gram positive), includes endospore formers and bacteria important to health and industry.
Ex. Staphylococcus, streptococcus, Bacillus, and Clostridium.
Define toxic shock syndrome and what causes it.
Fever,vomiting,rash, low blood pressure, loss of sheets of skin. Can be caused by leaving tampon in too long due to regular flora that is transferred during insertion.