Chapter 14 Flashcards
If an investor is short a call, how could that option be covered?
1) Be long 2) Own convertibles 3) Present escrow receipt 4) Own a call (lower strike, same or later expiration)
If an investor is short a put, how could that option be covered?
1) Deposit cash equal to the strike 2) Be short the stock 3) Own a put (higher strike, same or later expiration)
Identify the position: An investor sells 1 ABC May 30 call at 3 and purchases 1 ABC May 35 call at 1.
A sale and purchase of calls or puts is a spread.
Identify the position: An investor shorts 1 XYZ May 50 call at 3 and is long 1 XYZ May 40 call at 5.
A spread, which is the sale and purchase of calls or puts.
Identify the position: An investor writes 1 STC Jul 70 put at 7 and owns 1 STC Jul 60 put at 3.
A spread, which is the sale and purchase of calls or puts.
Identify the position: An investor buys 1 GDG Mar 50 call at 4 and buys 1 GDG Mar 50 put at 4.
A straddle, which is the purchase or sale of both a call and a put with the same stock, expiration and strike price.
Identify the spread: An investor buys 1 JMK May 60 call and sells 1 JMK May 65 call.
A spread with different strike prices is a Price/Vertical spread.
Identify the spread: An investor writes 1 ABC Jan 75 put and is long 1 ABC Mar 75 put.
A spread with different expirations is a Calendar/Horizontal spread.
Identify the spread: An investor is long 1 MCD Jun 50 call and is short 1 MCD Sep 60 call.
A spread with different expirations and different strikes is a Diagonal spread.
An investor sells 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and buys 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. Is this a debit or credit spread?
Since the larger premium is on the sell leg, this is a credit spread, sold for a net premium of 4.
An investor sells 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and buys 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. Is the investor bullish or bearish on ABC?
She is bearish. The dominant leg is the sell leg, which makes the investor the seller of a call.
An investor sells 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and buys 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. What is the investor’s breakeven point?
30 + 4 = 34 (always between strikes). For call spreads, the net premium is added to the lower strike (CALL UP).
An investor sells 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and buys 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. What is the investor’s maximum gain?
The net premium of $400. Remember, sellers cannot make more than the premium.
An investor sells 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and buys 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. What is the investor’s maximum loss?
$600. If the stock rises, the investor could lose starting from the breakeven of 34 up to 40.
True or False: Maximum gains and maximum losses could be unlimited with vertical spreads.
False. Spreads limit both gains and losses. Remember, net premium is the loss for the buyer and the gain for the seller.
An investor buys 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and sells 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. Is this a debit or credit spread?
Since the larger premium is on the buy leg, this is a debit spread, bought for a net premium of 4.
An investor buys 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and sells 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. Is the investor bullish or bearish on ABC?
He is bullish. The dominant leg is the buy leg, which makes the investor the buyer of a call.
An investor buys 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and sells 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. What is the investor’s breakeven point?
30 + 4 = 34 (always between strikes). For call spreads, the net premium is added to the lower strike (CALL UP).
An investor buys 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and sells 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. What is the investor’s maximum gain?
$600. If the stock rises, the investor could profit starting from the breakeven of 34 up to 40.
An investor buys 1 ABC Mar 30 call at 7 and sells 1 ABC Mar 40 call at 3. What is the investor’s maximum loss?
The net premium of $400. Remember, buyers cannot lose more than the premium.
An investor is long 1 DEF Apr 35 put at 3 and short 1 DEF Apr 30 put at 1. Is this a debit or credit spread?
Since the larger premium is on the buy leg, this is a debit spread, bought for a net premium of 2.
An investor is long 1 DEF Apr 35 put at 3 and short 1 DEF Apr 30 put at 1. Is the investor bullish or bearish on DEF?
He is bearish. The dominant leg is the buy leg, which makes the investor the buyer of a put.
Long 1 DEF Apr 35 put at 3 and short 1 DEF Apr 30 put at 1. What is the breakeven point?
35 - 2 = 33 (always between strikes). For put spreads, the net premium is subtracted from the higher strike (PUT DOWN).
An investor is long 1 DEF Apr 35 put at 3 and short 1 DEF Apr 30 put at 1. What is the investor’s maximum gain?
$300. If the stock falls, the investor could profit starting from the breakeven of 33 down to 30.
An investor is long 1 DEF Apr 35 put at 3 and short 1 DEF Apr 30 put at 1. What is the investor’s maximum loss?
The net premium of $200. Remember, buyers cannot lose more than the premium.
Long 1 DEF Apr 35 put at 3 and short 1 DEF Apr 30 put at 1. To profit, should the spread widen or narrow?
If the premium spread widens, the spread can be closed for more than $200. Remember, BUYER and WIDEN have 5 letters.
An investor sells 1 RST May 95 put at 8 and buys 1 RST May 80 put at 1. Is this a debit or credit spread?
Since the larger premium is on the sell leg, this is a credit spread, sold for a net premium of 7.
An investor sells 1 RST May 95 put at 8 and buys 1 RST May 80 put at 1. Is the investor bullish or bearish on RST?
She is bullish. The dominant leg is the sell leg, which makes the investor the seller of a put.
She is bullish. The dominant leg is the sell leg, which makes the investor the seller of a put.
95 - 7 = 88 (always between strikes). For put spreads, the net premium is subtracted from the higher strike (PUT DOWN).
An investor sells 1 RST May 95 put at 8 and buys 1 RST May 80 put at 1. What is the investor’s maximum gain?
The net premium of $700. Remember, sellers cannot make more than the premium.
An investor sells 1 RST May 95 put at 8 and buys 1 RST May 80 put at 1. What is the investor’s maximum loss?
$800. If the stock falls, the investor could lose starting from the breakeven of 88 down to 80.
Sell 1 RST May 95 put at 8 and buy 1 RST May 80 put at 1. To profit, should the spread widen or narrow?
the premium spread narrows, much of the $700 net premium is kept. Remember, SELLER and NARROW have 6 letters.
An investor purchases 1 XRX May 60 call at 6 and writes 1 XRX May 70 call at 2. Is this a debit or credit spread?
Since the larger premium is on the buy leg, this is a debit spread, bought for a net premium of 4.
Sid purchases 1 XRX May 60 call at 6 and writes 1 XRX May 70 call at 2. Is Sid bullish or bearish on XRX?
Sid is bullish. The dominant leg is the buy leg, which makes the investor the buyer of a call.
An investor purchases 1 XRX May 60 call at 6 and writes 1 XRX May 70 call at 2. What is the investor’s breakeven point?
60 + 4 = 64 (always between strikes). For call spreads, the net premium is added to the lower strike (CALL UP).
An investor purchases 1 XRX May 60 call at 6 and writes 1 XRX May 70 call at 2. What is the investor’s maximum gain?
$600. If the stock rises, the investor could profit starting from the breakeven of 64 up to 70.
An investor purchases 1 XRX May 60 call at 6 and writes 1 XRX May 70 call at 2. What is the investor’s maximum loss?
The net premium of $400. Remember, buyers cannot lose more than the premium.
Buy 1 XRX May 60 call at 6 and write 1 XRX May 70 call at 2. For profit, should the spread widen or narrow?
If the premium spread widens, the spread can be closed for more than $400. Remember, BUYER and WIDEN have 5 letters.
Sell 1 ABC May 65 put at 9 and buy 1 ABC May 50 put at 2. Is the spread a debit or credit? Is it bullish or bearish?
The larger premium is the sell leg, so it is a credit spread. The dominant leg is the sale of a put, so it is bullish.
Long 1 TNT Aug 50 call at 5 and short 1 TNT Aug 60 call at 2. Is the spread a debit or credit? Is it bullish or bearish?
The larger premium is on the buy leg, so it is a debit. The dominant leg is the purchase of a call, so it is bullish.
True or False: Buyers of straddles are seeking volatility, while sellers of straddles are expecting stability.
True
An investor buys 1 XYZ Dec 70 call at 4 and buys 1 XYZ Dec 70 put at 4. What are the breakeven points for the investor?
70 + 8 = 78 and 70 - 8 = 62. The combined premium of 8 is added to 70 (CALL UP) and subtracted from 70 (PUT DOWN).
An investor buys 1 XYZ Dec 70 call at 4 and buys 1 XYZ Dec 70 put at 4. What is the investor’s maximum gain?
Unlimited gain on the long call, $6,200 gain on the long put. Gains occur if the stock rises or falls dramatically.
An investor buys 1 XYZ Dec 70 call at 4 and buys 1 XYZ Dec 70 put at 4. What is the investor’s maximum loss?
$800. If XYZ stays at 70, both options expire. Remember, buyers cannot lose more than the premium.
An investor buys 1 XYZ Dec 70 call at 4 and buys 1 XYZ Dec 70 put at 4. What is the investor’s strategy?
Volatility
An investor sells 1 ABC Jan 50 call at 2 and sells 1 ABC Jan 50 put at 3. What are the breakeven points?
50 + 5 = 55 and 50 - 5 = 45. The combined premium of 5 is added to 50 (CALL UP) and subtracted from 50 (PUT DOWN).
An investor sells 1 ABC Jan 50 call at 2 and sells 1 ABC Jan 50 put at 3. What is the investor’s maximum gain?
$500. If ABC stays at 50, both options expire and $500 is made. Remember, sellers cannot make more than the premium.
An investor sells 1 ABC Jan 50 call at 2 and sells 1 ABC Jan 50 put at 3. What is the investor’s maximum loss?
Unlimited loss on the short call, $4,500 loss on the short put. Losses occur if the stock rises or falls dramatically.
An investor sells 1 ABC Jan 50 call at 2 and sells 1 ABC Jan 50 put at 3. What is the investor’s strategy?
Stability
A position similar to a straddle, but with different expirations and/or different strikes is called a _____________.
combination
An investor buys 1 DEF May 50 call at 3 and buys 1 DEF May 40 put at 1. What is this position?
Long combination
An investor buys 1 DEF May 50 call at 3 and buys 1 DEF May 40 put at 1. What are the breakeven points for the investor?
50 + 4 = 54 and 40 - 4 = 36. The combined premium of 4 is added to 50 (CALL UP) and subtracted from 40 (PUT DOWN).
An investor buys 1 DEF May 50 call at 3 and buys 1 DEF May 40 put at 1. What is the investor’s maximum gain?
Unlimited gain on the long call, $3,600 gain on the long put. Gains occur if the stock rises or falls dramatically.
An investor buys 1 DEF May 50 call at 3 and buys 1 DEF May 40 put at 1. What is the investor’s maximum loss?
$400. If DEF stays between 50 and 40, both options expire. Remember, buyers cannot lose more than the premium.