Chapter 14

Question 1

What functional group do alcohols contain?

Answer 1

OH

Question 2

Physical properties of alcohols

Answer 2

Alcohols have hydrogen bonding due to the OH bond
Alcohol molecules are polar
Alcohols have a lower volatility than alkanes with the same number of carbons
Completely soluble in water
As the hydrocarbon chain increases in size, influence of the oh decreases so the solubility decreases.

Question 3

Combustion of alcohols

Answer 3

Produces carbon dioxide and water

Question 4

Oxidation of primary alcohols

Answer 4

Oxidising agent is needed (potassium dichromate acidified with sulfuric acid)
Oxidation(gentle heating and distilled out)-produces an aldehyde
Oxidation(heated under reflux and heated strongly-aldehyde is produced which is oxidised to produce a carboxylic acid

Question 5

Oxidation of secondary alcohols

Answer 5

Oxidised using acidified potassium dichromate
Heated under reflux with the oxidation mixture
Ketones are produced

Question 6

Oxidation of tertiary alcohols

Answer 6

Does not produce anything

Question 7

Dehydration of alcohols

Answer 7

Water molecule is removed from the alcohol. Alcohol is heated under reflux in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
An alkene is produced. It is an elimination reaction.

Question 8

Substitution reaction of alcohols

Answer 8

Alcohols react with hydrogen halides to form haloalkanes. Alcohol is heated under reflux with sulfuric acid and a sodium halide