Chapter 14 Flashcards
ATP synthase
Abundant membrane-associated enzyme complex that
catalyzes the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic
phosphate during oxidative phosphorylation and
photosynthesis.
chemiosmotic coupling
Mechanism that uses the energy stored in a transmembrane
proton gradient to drive an energy-requiring process, such
as the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase or the transport of
a molecule across a membrane.
chlorophyll
Light-absorbing green pigment that plays a central part in
photosynthesis.
chloroplast
Specialized organelle in algae and plants that contains
chlorophyll and serves as the site for photosynthesis
electron-transport chain
lectron-transport chain
A series of membrane-embedded electron carrier molecules
that facilitate the movement of electrons from a higher to
a lower energy level, as in oxidative phosphorylation and
photosynthesis.
light reactions
In photosynthesis, the set of reactions that converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH (stage 1 of photosynthesis)
matrix
Large internal compartment within a mitochondrion
mitochondrion
Membrane-enclosed organelle, about the size of a
bacterium, that carries out oxidative phosphorylation and
produces most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells.
photosynthesis
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria
use the energy of sunlight to drive the synthesis of organic
molecules from carbon dioxide and water
stroma
In a chloroplast, the large interior space that contains the
enzymes needed to incorporate CO2 into sugars during the
carbon-fixation stage of photosynthesis; equivalent to the
matrix of a mitochondrion.
thylakoid
In a chloroplast, the flattened, disclike sac whose membranes
contain the proteins and pigments that convert light energy
into chemical-bond energy during photosynthesis.
