Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

ATP synthase

A

Abundant membrane-associated enzyme complex that
catalyzes the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic
phosphate during oxidative phosphorylation and
photosynthesis.

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2
Q

chemiosmotic coupling

A

Mechanism that uses the energy stored in a transmembrane
proton gradient to drive an energy-requiring process, such
as the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase or the transport of
a molecule across a membrane.

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3
Q

chlorophyll

A

Light-absorbing green pigment that plays a central part in

photosynthesis.

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4
Q

chloroplast

A

Specialized organelle in algae and plants that contains

chlorophyll and serves as the site for photosynthesis

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5
Q

electron-transport chain

A

lectron-transport chain
A series of membrane-embedded electron carrier molecules
that facilitate the movement of electrons from a higher to
a lower energy level, as in oxidative phosphorylation and
photosynthesis.

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6
Q

light reactions

A
In photosynthesis, the set of reactions that converts the 
energy of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of ATP 
and NADPH (stage 1 of photosynthesis)
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7
Q

matrix

A

Large internal compartment within a mitochondrion

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8
Q

mitochondrion

A

Membrane-enclosed organelle, about the size of a
bacterium, that carries out oxidative phosphorylation and
produces most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells.

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9
Q

photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria
use the energy of sunlight to drive the synthesis of organic
molecules from carbon dioxide and water

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10
Q

stroma

A

In a chloroplast, the large interior space that contains the
enzymes needed to incorporate CO2 into sugars during the
carbon-fixation stage of photosynthesis; equivalent to the
matrix of a mitochondrion.

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11
Q

thylakoid

A

In a chloroplast, the flattened, disclike sac whose membranes
contain the proteins and pigments that convert light energy
into chemical-bond energy during photosynthesis.

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