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Biology 100 Cawley #5 > Chapter 13.2 PP > Flashcards

Chapter 13.2 PP Flashcards

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1
Q

What has no standard definition agreed upon by biologists

A

Biological race

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2
Q

“_____” may not be considered a useful term in biology.

A

Race

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3
Q

Races are populations of one species that have diverged form each other as a result of isolation of gene pools.

A

Definition of biological race

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4
Q

Biologists prefer the genealogical species concept over the biological race concept.

A

True

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5
Q

The smallest group of reproductively compatible individuals descended from a single common ancestor.

A

True

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6
Q

Linnaeus classified all humans as a species,

A

Homosapiens

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7
Q

Who recognized five definitive varieties of humans?

A

Linnaeus

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8
Q

Who based races on physical characteristics, behaviors, and aptitudes

A

Linnaeus

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9
Q

Scientific work was used to legitimize cultural practices of injustice and discrimination

A

true

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10
Q

Examples of scientific work that was used to legitimize cultural practices of injustice and discrimination are
1.
2.

A

Colonization and slavery

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11
Q

Describes a group of individuals with some reliable physical characteristics that distinguish them from all other species.

A

The morphological species concept

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12
Q

Morphological differences are assumed to correlate with isolation of what?

A

gene pools

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13
Q

How many human races used to be on the U.S. Census?

A

5

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14
Q 
White
Black 
Pacific Islander 
Asian 
Native American
A

Five major human races on U.S. Census

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15
Q

Preference to mate with someone like self

A

Assortative mating

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16
Q

Hight
skin color
and tending to exaggerate physical differences between groups are examples of what?

A

Assortative mating

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17
Q

When a trait influences the likelihood of mating

A

Sexual selection

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18
Q

What explains the male/female differences in many animal species?

A

Sexual selection

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19
Q

May account for differences in human male/female body size.

A

Sexual selection

20
Q

small populations are especially prone to loss of alleles through chance

A

Chance events

21
Q

genetic change resulting from a dramatic reduction of population numbers

A

Population bottleneck

22
Q

genetic differences resulting from a small sample

A

Founder effect

23
Q

change in allele frequency that occurs due to change

A

Genetic drift

24
Q

Occurs in three different situations

A

Genetic drift

25
Q

Founder effect
population bottleneck
chance events

A

Genetic drift

26
Q

Human populations travel is an example of?

A

genetic drift

27
Q

Small groups colonize new areas and are prone to evolution because of what?

A

Genetic drift

28
Q

Fitness of skin color is related to what?

A

The environment

29
Q

Traits shared by unrelated populations due to similarities of environment

A

Covergent evolution

30
Q

Similar shapes in dolphins and sharks are examples of what type of evolution?

A

Covergent evolution

31
Q

Skin color in humans is an example of what type of evolution?

A

Covergent evolution

32
Q

Strong correlation between skin color and exposure to UV light. this is an example of what?

A

Covergent evolution

33
Q

What is higher in environments with malaria?

A

Sickle-cell allele

34
Q

Adaptation of having one sickle-cell allele increases what?

A

fitness

35
Q

What reduces the ability of parasite to reproduce?

A

Sickle-cell allele

36
Q

Human races are not isolated.

A

True

37
Q

Frequency in type B blood decreases from east to west

  1. allele envolved in Asia
  2. Became part of European gene pool
A

True

38
Q

What has prevented isolation required for distinct biological races?

A

Interbreeding

39
Q

allele frequencies are not more similar within racial groups than between racial groups.

A

true

40
Q

The distribution of alleles within racial groups is about the same as between racial groups.

A

true

41
Q

More variability exists within a race than average differences among races.

A

True

42
Q

Human races are not independent of evolutionary groups

A

True

43
Q

No single what is found in all(or even most) populations of a defined race and not found in other races?

A

allele

44
Q

Small number of SNPs identified as unique to a particular human group

  1. never found in all populations of the race
  2. never within every individual in a population
A

True

45
Q

Genetic evidence that human racial groups are not what?

A

Biological races

46
Q
  1. Not found In all white populations

2. low frequency in some black and Asian populations

A

Cystic fibrosis allele

47
Q

presence in human populations

A

Sickle-cell allele

Biology 100 Cawley #5 (15 decks)

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