Chapter 12.3 PP Flashcards

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1
Q

the union between genetics and evolution; predicated on genetic principles

A

The modern synthesis

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2
Q

Genes are segments of genetic material with information about what?

A

protein structure

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3
Q

Actions of proteins within an organism determine what?

A

Physical traits

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4
Q

Different versions of the same gene are alleles, and variation in physical traits is due to what?

A

variation in alleles

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5
Q

Different alleles for the same gene arise through what?

A

mutation

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6
Q

Half of the allele carried by a parent are passed to their offspring through their what?

A

egg and sperm

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7
Q

How many categories of common misunderstandings of natural selection?

A

3

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8
Q

The relationship between the individual and the population is a common misunderstanding of what?

A

natural selection

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9
Q

Th limitations on the traits that can be selected is a common misunderstanding of what?

A

natural selection

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10
Q

The ultimate result of selection is a common misunderstanding of what?

A

natural selection

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11
Q

“The Dodo was too stupid to adapt to human hunters, so it had to go extinct.”

A

A misunderstanding of Natural selection

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12
Q

Only traits that are present in the population can be selected for. The Dodo was not “stupid” or unworthy of survival; the population simply did not contain variants with hunter-avoiding traits.

A

Natural Selection

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13
Q

“Some animals are not adapted to their environments very well. For instance, if swallows were well adapted to North America, they wouldn’t have to migrate to the tropics every winter.”

A

A misunderstanding of Natural selection

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14
Q

Natural Selection doe not lead to some sort of idealized perfect state, There are always trade-offs between traits. A swallow is very well adapted to catching flying insects. Any swallow variant with physical changes that allow it to eat the seeds that are available in winter would be less able to catch flying insects. These variants would thus lose in the competition for food during the summer.

A

Natural Selection

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15
Q

“Only traits present in the population can be acted upon” this is an example of?

A

Subtleties of natural selection

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16
Q

“The presence of one adaptation may result in the loss of a slightly less valuable trait” this is an example of?

A

Subtleties of natural selection

17
Q

“Results in the fit of an organism to the current environment” this is an example of?

A

Subtleties of natural selection

18
Q

organisms do not change to survive just because they “should”.

A

true

19
Q

Traits that influence survival must already be present in the population

A

true

20
Q

alcohol-metabolizing allele was present in some flies.

A

Natural Selection cannot cause new traits

21
Q

Allele became more common due to differential survival and reproduction.

A

Natural Selection cannot cause new traits

22
Q

Alcohol-rich environment did not cause a gene to arise in flies

A

Natural Selection cannot cause new traits

23
Q

Adaptations are constrained by underlying biology.

A

True

24
Q

Two examples of adaptations being constrained by underlying biology are?

A

Panda’s “thumb”

and Bipedal walking

25
Q

Natural selection doesn’t cause progression toward a goal.

A

Ture

26
Q

Natural selection favors variants with the most appropriate adaptations for the what?

A

Current enviroment

27
Q

Natural selection depends on the particular environment of the what?

A

Population

28
Q

Different environmental conditions can lead to different changes in populations

A

Patterns of selection

29
Q

Changes in a population in a particular direction

A

Directional selection

30
Q

population stabilizes; changes are resisted

A

Stabilizing selection

31
Q

Changes in a population result in two or more variants

A

Diversifying selection