Chapter 13 Vocabulary Flashcards
Organisms that feed on ornamental plants or agricultural crops or animals.
Agricultural Pest
Any organism that is harmful or destructive with humans or our social or economical endeavors.
Pest
Plants that compete with agricultural crops, forests, and forage gasses for light nutrients.
Weeds
A chemical used to kill plants
Herbicide
A chemical used to kill animals and insects
Pesticides
Use of chemical pesticides to kill large numbers of pests
Chemical Treatment
Gives long lasting protection by developing control agents on the basis of knowledge of the pests life cycle
Ecological Control
An approach to controlling pest populations by using both chemical and ecological methods
Integrated Pest Management
Inorganic Pesticides
First Generation Pesticides
Organic Pestices
Second Generation Pesticides
People who study birds
Ornthologists
The process of accumulating higher and higher doses of a pesticide up the food chain
Bioaccumulation
The multiplying effect of bioaccumulation in the food chain
Biomagnification
A phenomenon that after a pest has been virtually eliminated with a pesticide, the pest population not only recovers but explodes to higher more severe levels
Resurgence
A phenomenon in which small populations of insects that were previously of no concern because of their low numbers, suddenly start to explode creating new problems
Secondary Pest-Outbreaks
The increase use of chemicals increases resistance and secondary-pest outbreaks, which lead to the use of new and larger quantities of chemicals, which in turn lead to more resistance
Pesticide Treadmil
Pesticides which break down into simple non toxic products in a matter of days or week
Non-persistent Pesticides
Working with natural factors instead of synthetic chemicals
Natural or Biological Control
A no chemical alteration of one or more environmental factors in such a way that the pest finds the environment unsuitable or is unable to gain access to its target
Cultural Control
Breeding Plants that are resistant to insect pests
Genetic Control
Nontoxic and highly specific to pests in question
Natural Chemical
Chemicals produced in humans and other animals which provide “signals” that control developmental processes and metabolic functions.
Hormones
Chemicals secreted by one individual that influence the behavior of another of the same species
Phermones
A measure used to determine when the damage caused by pests is considerable and outweighs the cost of applying pesticide.
Economic Threshold
Refers to the use of pesticides to prevent a pest before it becomes a problem
Insurance Spraying
Refres to the use of pesticides to control pests that make fruits and vegetables look bad and less desirable to consumers.
Cosmetic Spraying
(Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)
Monitors and Controls Pests
APHIS
Required manufacturers to register pesticides with the EPA before marketing them and to test their toxicity levels
FIFRA
Federal Insecticide Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
Protection of public from risks of pesticides used on food
FFDCA
(Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act)
1938
No detectable residue of a pesticide may be on food if it presents any risk of cancer.
Delaney Clause
Amended FIFRA and FFDCA; Sets standards for pesticides applied to foods(and special concern for children)
FQPA
(Food Quality Protection Act) 1996
International treaty promoting exchange of information about hazardous chemicals
The Rotterdam Convention
Exporting countries inform all importing countries of steps taken to ban or restrict tthe use of pesticides
PIC
Prior Informed Consent
A treaty designed to eliminate or restrict organic pollutants
The Stockholm Convention
2004
