Chapter 13 Vocabulary Flashcards
Focuses on Meiosis
Any of the alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotype effects.
Allele
The generation of offspring from a single parent occurring without fusion of gametes. Offspring is genetically identical to parent in most cases.
Asexual reproduction
A chromosome not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome.
Autosome
Microscopically visible x-shaped region where homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material through Meiosis cross-over. These two homologs remain associated to the cohesion of the sister chromatids.
Chiasma
1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells.
2) Popular usage : a single individual organism genetically identical to another individual.
3) Verb form : to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell
Clone
Reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids that occurs during Prophase I of Meiosis.
Crossing over
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parents. (2n)
Diploid cell
A discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA in some viruses).
Gene
The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
Genetics
A cell that contains one set of chromosomes. (n)
Haploid cell
Transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
Heredity
A pair of chromosomes of same length, centromere position, and staining pattern. This pattern possesses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One is inherited from the father, the other from the mother.
Homologous chromosomes
A display of chromosome pairs of cells arranged by size and shape.
Karyotype
A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.
Locus
Modified cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of one DNA replication and two divisions. Daughter cells contain half of the chromosome number as the parent cell.
Meiosis
First division of a two-stage process of cell division. Occurs in sexually reproducing organisms.
Meiosis I
Second division of a two-stage process of cell division.
Meiosis II
A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome.
Recombiant chromosome
A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
Sex chromosome
A type of reproduction where two parents are involved in the creation of offspring with unique combinations of genes inherited from gametes of parents.
Sexual reproduction
Any cell in a multicellular organism except for a sperm or egg,
Somatic cell
Pairing and physical connection of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of Meiosis.
Synapsis
Differences between members of the same species
Variation
A fertilized egg; the diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization.
Zygote
