Chapter 13 Transition Metals Flashcards
What is the structure of metals?
Positive metals ions surrounded by a ‘sea’ of delocalized electrons
Why do metals have high melting points?
This property is due to the strong attraction
between the positively-charged metal ions
and the sea of electrons (metallic bonds).
As a result, a lot of energy is needed to
overcome the attractions and separate the
ions.
Why do metals conduct heat and electricity?
Delocalized electrons in metallic bonding allow metals to conduct heat and electricity
Why are metals malleable
the layers of metal
ions are able to slide over each other, and so the structure does not shatter.
What are the transition metals?
The transition metals are the block of elements located
between group 2 and group 3 of the periodic table.
How reactive are the transition metals?
The transition metals are much less reactive than the alkali
metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2).
They tend to react relatively slowly, for example with air, water
and acid.
How do the properties of transition metals compare with
those of alkali metals?
Compared to the alkali metals, the transition metals:
are harder and stronger. They cannot be cut with a knife.
are more dense. This means that in a fixed volume of metal there are more atoms of a transition metal than there are of an alkali metal.
have higher melting and boiling points– except
mercury
What colour is iron (II) Oxide
Black
What colour is iron (III) Oxide
Red/Browm
What colour is Copper(II) Sulphate
blue
What are Pigments?
A water insoluble transition metal compound used to
make paints.
The coloured compounds of transition
metals can also be used in many ways,
for example:
to colour stained glass windows
to colour paints and dyes
as coloured glazes on pottery.
What are Dyes
A water soluble coloured compound (usually transition
metal compound) which forms a chemical bond with a fabric.
Sometimes a mordant is used which is a chemical that binds
the dye to a fabric. E.g: used to give colour in clothes.
What are the properties of the alkali metals?
They are soft and can be cut by a knife. Softness increases
going down the group.
They have a low density.
Lithium, sodium and potassium float on water.
They have low melting and boiling points. Their melting /boiling
points decrease as we go down the group.
These properties mean that the alkali metals are different to typical metals. However,
alkali metals do also share some properties with typical metals:
They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
They are shiny. This is only seen when alkali
metals are freshly cut.
They then quickly tarnish (become dull) since they
react with oxygen in the air. They are stored in oil
to stop them from reacting with oxygen
What is the property ductile mean?
They can be stretched out to make thin wires
