chapter 13 - the senses

Question 1

list the 5 sensory receptors

Answer 1

chemoreceptors
nociceptors
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
photoreceptors

each type of receptor is most sensitive to a distinct type of stimulus

Question 2

what are sensations

Answer 2

sensations are feelings resulting from sensory stimulation

Question 3

general senses are associated with receptors in:

Answer 3

skin
muscles
joints
viscera

Question 4

general senses are:

Answer 4

touch
pressure
temperature
pain

Question 5

special senses have receptors in:

Answer 5

large, complex sensory organs of the head

Question 6

the special senses are:

Answer 6

smell
taste
hearing
equilibrium
sight

Question 7

olfactory organs consist of:

Answer 7

receptors and supporting cells in the nasal cavity

Question 8

taste receptors consist of:

Answer 8

taste cells and supporting cells

Question 9

the five basic types of taste sensation

Answer 9

sweetness
sourness
saltiness
bitterness
umami (deliciousness)

Question 10

Sound perception is received by vibrations in?

Answer 10

Outer, middle and inner ear work together to receive vibrations which are perceived as sounds.

Middle ear is connected to throat via eustachian tubes

The inner ear gives sense of equilibrium.

Question 11

The outer ear consists of?

Answer 11

Auricle (pinna)

External acoustic meatus (external auditory canal)

Eardrum (tympanic membrane)

Question 12

The middle ear (tympanic cavity) contains?

Answer 12

Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) and is connected to the throat via the auditory (eustachian) tube

Question 13

The complex inner ear is important to establish the sense of?

Answer 13

Equilibrium

It contains Chambers and tubes that form it’s bony labyrinth, which lies above and membranous labyrinth. The semicircular canal is a in equilibrium, whereas the cochlear functions in hearing.

The sense of equilibrium consists of static and dynamic equilibrium.

Question 14

Static equilibrium

Answer 14

In static equilibrium, the position of the head is sensed while the head and body are still.

Question 15

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 15

In dynamic equilibrium, motion is detected when the body and head move all rotate, aiding in balance.

Question 16

What is the dominant sense

Answer 16

Vision. The sense of sight.

Question 17

The eye has three distinct layers - outer layer

Answer 17

The outer layer is fibrous and anterior imposition, bulging forward to form the transparent cornea. The cornea and lens of each eye refract light waves to focus an image on the retina, which transmits visual perceptions to the brain.

The white coloured sclera makes up most of the outer layer.

Question 18

The eye has three distinct layers - middle layer

Answer 18

The middle layer of the eye called the uvea, is vascular And includes the choroid coat, ciliary body, and iris.

The lens is held in position by many suspensory ligament’s behind the iris and pupil.

Question 19

The eye has three distinct layers - inner layer

Answer 19

The inner layer of the eye is the nervous liar and consists of the retina and it’s millions of photoreceptors. When lightwaves bend to focus, the phenomena and is called refraction.

Photoreceptors known as rods provide vision in dim light, without colour. Other photoreceptors called cones provide colour vision.