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Paramedic Programme A&P > Chapter 1 - Intro to A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro to A&P Flashcards

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1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of body parts, forms and structures

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

Study of normal body functions

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3
Q

Name the major body cavities

A

Two main cavities:
Dorsal (cranial and vertebral)
Ventral (thoracic and abdominopelvic)

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4
Q

Describe the Dorsal cavity

A

Protects the organs of the nervous system.
The cranial cavity of the skull encases the brain.
The vertebral cavity, inside the spinal column, encases the spinal cord.
The cranial and spinal cavities are continuous with each other.

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5
Q

Describe the Ventral cavity

A

Contains most of the bodies organs.
Houses the viscera (visceral organs).
Divided into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Thoracic cavity is surrounded by chest muscles and the ribs and is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.
The abdominopelvic cavity is comprised by abdominal and pelvic cavity not seperated by membrane or muscle.
The abdominal and pelvic cavity are not aligned with the pelvis ‘tipping’ away in a perpendicular fashion.

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6
Q

Dorsal and ventral cavities are lined with?

A

Serous membrane.
Composed of two layers: parietal membrane and Visceral membrane.
Parietal membrane is fused to the cavity walls
Visceral membrane covers organs inside the cavity
Both membranes secrete serous fluid into the cavity in between them. Allowing organs to slide across each other and the cavity walls without friction. (Heart pumping, stomach digesting)

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7
Q

Define:Viscera

A

The internal organs inside the ventral cavity.

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8
Q

Define: Mediastinum

A

Separates the thoracic cavity into right and left halves and contains the heart, trachea, oesophagus and thymus gland.

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9
Q

membrane of heart

A

surrounded by a double walled sac known as the pericardium.
superficial loose fitting section known as the Fibrous Pericardium.
this protects the heart, connects it to surrounding structures and keeps it from over-filling with blood.
below the fibrous pericardium is the Serous Pericardium, a thin double layered membrane that forms a closed sac containing the heart.
Serous Pericardium has a parietal layer, lining the internal layer of fibrous pericardium.
A visceral layer (epicardium) thats continues to cover the external heart surface.
All these structures are housed in the pericardial cavity.

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10
Q

membrane of the lungs

A

Lined with the Parietal Pleura and covered by the Visceral Pleura.
There is no space between these pleural membranes but the region is still referred to as the Pleural Cavity

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11
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity membrane

A

Lined with peritoneal membranes:
parietal peritoneum lining the walls
visceral peritoneum covering each organ.
between the membranes, the potential space is called the Peritoneal Cavity.
Organs in the Abdominopelvic cavity are located either inside the peritoneum (intraperitoneal) or behind the peritoneum (retroperitoneal).

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12
Q

anatomic planes

A

add pictures
frontal plane - Lateral
Sagittal plane - anterior/posterior
Transverse place - superior/inferior

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13
Q

define: inferior

A

a body part is below another body part or is located toward the feet.

i.e the neck is inferior to the head

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14
Q

define: Superior

A

a body part is above another body part or is located toward the head.

i.e. The thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity

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15
Q

define: Anterior (ventral)

A

Toward the front

i.e. the eyes are anterior to the brain

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16
Q

define: posterior (dorsal)

A

toward the back

i.e. the pharynx is posterior to the mouth

17
Q

define: Contralateral

A

Refers to structures on the opposite side

i.e. if eight leg is injured the pt may have to put most of their weight on the contralateral leg instead of using both equally.

18
Q

define: Lateral

A

toward the side as related to the midline of the body

i.e. the ears are lateral to the eyes

19
Q

define: Bilateral

A

Refers to paired structures, with one on each side of the body

i.e. the lungs are bilateral

20
Q

Define: Ipsilateral

A

Refers to structures on the same side

I.e. the right kidney and the right lung are ipsilateral

21
Q

Define: Medial

A

Refers to an imaginary midline that divides the body into left and right halves

I.e. the nose is medial ( loser to the bodies midline) to the eyes

22
Q

Define: Distal

A

A body part is farther from the point of attachment to the trunk than another part

I.e. the fingers are distal to the wrist

23
Q

Define: Proximal

A

Body part is closer to the point of attachment to the trunk than another part

i.e. the elbow is proximal to the wrist

24
Q

Define: deep

A

A body part is more internal than another part

i.e. the dermis is the deep layer of the skin

25
Q

Define: superficial

A

A body part is more external than another part

i.e. the epidermis is the superficial layer of the skin

26
Q

Name the 9 abdominal regions

A 
Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region
Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region
27
Q

List the systems of the body

A 
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive
28
Q

Organs in the integumentary system

A 
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Sweat glands
29
Q

Organs in the skeletal system

A

Bones
Ligaments
Cartilages

30
Q

Organs in the muscular system

A

Muscles

Tendons

31
Q

Organs in the nervous system

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sensory organs

32
Q

Organs in the endocrine system

A 
Hypothalamus
Adrenal glands
Thymus
Thyroid
Parathyroid glands
Pancreas
Pineal gland
Pituitary
33
Q

Organs in the cardiovascular system

A 
Heart
Blood
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
34
Q

Organs in the lymphatic system

A 
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph fluid
35
Q

Organs in the digestive system

A 
Mouth
Teeth
Salivary glands
Tongue
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
36
Q

Organs in the respiratory system

A 
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
37
Q

Organs in the urinary system

A 
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Penis
38
Q

Organs in the female reproductive system

A 
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Clitoris
Vulva
39
Q

Organs in the male reproductive system

A 
Scrotum
Testes
Epididymides
Ductus deferentia
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
Penis
Urethra

Paramedic Programme A&P (15 decks)

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