Chapter 13, The Pediatric Trauma Patient Flashcards
What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in children aged 1-14 years?
Trauma
How does the triage process begin?
With the Pediatric Assessment Triangle.
What are the 3 components of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle?
Appearance
Work of Breathing
Circulation (to the skin)
What does the mnemonic TICLS help assess and what does it stand for?
Assesses Appearance (PAT)
Tone
Interactiveness
Consolability
Look/gaze
Speech/cry
What can be assessed to determine work of breathing?
Abnormal sounds
Abnormal position
Retractions
Flaring
Apnea/Gasping
What can be assessment findings raise alert the nurse to poor circulation (PAT)?
Pallor
Mottling
Cyanosis
What is the breathing preference of infants?
Nose breathing until 4-6 months
What are some considerations when placing an ETT in children?
Cuffed tube is acceptable
Preoxygenate
Attempt should take no longer than 30 seconds
What are signs of poor perfusion in the pediatric trauma patient?
Tachycardia
Cap refill > 3 sec
How does PALS define hypotension?
Neonate (0-28 days): SBP < 60 mmHg
Infants (1-12 mo): SBP < 70 mmHg
Children 1-10 yrs: SBP < 70 + (2 x age in yrs) mmHg
Children > 10 yrs: SBP < 90 mmHg
What is considered the central pulse in infants?
Brachial pulse
What is an appropriate bolus for the pediatric patient in hypovolemic shock?
20 mL/kg (10 mL/kg for neonates, cardiogenic shock, or heart failure risk)
Why do infants and children have an increased likelihood of head injury?
Due to disproportionately large head
Why are children at an increased risk for heat loss?
Large body-surface-area to body-mass-ratio
Lower amounts of body fat
Greater metabolic rate
What does SAMPLE stand for?
Signs/symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past med/surg Hx & immunizations
Last meal/output & menstrual period
Events leading up to illness/injury
