Chapter 13, The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
How many liters of blood does the heart pump each day
7,000
How many times does the heart contract in an average lifetime
2.5 billion times
The pulmonary circuit send what kind of blood to the lungs
Oxygen-depleted blood
What does the blood pick up and deposit in the lungs
Picks up oxygen and deposits carbon dioxide
What does the systemic circuit send to all body cells and what does it remove
Sends oxygenated blood and nutrients
Removes waste
What encloses the heart and holds it in place
The parietal pericardium
What does the parietal pericardium contain
A small volume of serous fluid that reduces friction as the heart moves
How many layers are in the wall of the heart
3
What is the outer layer of the heart
Epicardium
How does the epicardium protect the heart
By reducing friction
What is the thick middle layer of the heart
Myocardium
What is the myocardium consisted of
Cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of heart chambers
What is the inner layer of the heart
Endocardium
What is the endocardium continuous with
The inner linings of blood vessels attached to the heart
How many hollow chambers are inside the heart
4 hollow chambers
What are the two upper chambers
Atria
What chambers are thin walled and receive blood retuning to the heart
The atria
What are the lower chambers of the heart
Ventricles
What chambers receive blood from the atria and contract to force blood out of the heart into the arteries
Ventricles
What separates the atrium and ventricle on the right side from their counterparts on the left
The septum
From where does the right atrium receive blood
The superior and inferior vena cava
Where is the tricuspid valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
What does the tricuspid valve do
Allows blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle without backflow
What are the tricuspid and mitral valves called
Atrioventricular valves (A-V)
Which ventricle has a thinner muscular wall than the other
The right
Why does the right ventricle have a thinner muscular wall than the left ventricle
Because the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs. The left ventricle has to pump blood throughout the body
Where does the blood exit when the muscular wall of the right ventricle contracts
Through the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary valve
What does the pulmonary trunk divide into
The left and right pulmonary arteries
What does the blood pick up and deposit in the lungs
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
Where does the left atrium receive oxygenated blood from
The lungs through four pulmonary veins, two from the right lung and two from the left
Through what does the blood pass when it goes from the left atrium into the left ventricle
The mitral/bicuspid valve
When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes and the only exit for the blood is through the _______
Aorta
What does the heartbeat sound like through a stethoscope
Lubb-dupp
Why does the heart sound like lubb-dupp
Because it’s the vibration of the heart tissue associated with the closing of the heart valves
Where does the lubb sound come from
It occurs during ventricular contraction when the A-V valves, mainly the tricuspid, are closing
Where does the dubb sound come from
Occurs during ventricular relaxation when the pulmonary and aortic valves are closing
What do blood vessels consist of
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
What are arteries
Strong elastic vessels that are adapted to carry blood away from the heart under high pressure
What does endothelium release
Nitric oxide, which relaxes the smooth muscle of the vessel
What is atherosclerosis
An arterial disease in which deposits of fatty materials like cholesterol form plaque lining the walls of arteries that restricts blood flow
What are the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis
A fatty (saturated), high sodium diet Elevated blood pressure Tobacco smoking Obesity Lack of physical exercise
How is pulse pressure calculated
By subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure
What is the lowest heart rate recorded by an athlete
25 beats per minute
Where is the common carotid and what happens if one of the branches gets clotted
In your neck
You’ll have a stroke
Where is the radial artery
In your forearm
Named after the radius
What does the superior mesenteric artery do
Feeds the organs
Where is your external jugular
On the side of your neck, in ur head
Where is the great saphenous vein
On the inside of your thigh
Artery in your neck
Common carotid
Artery in your forearm
Radial artery
Artery that feeds the organs
Superior mesenteric
Vein on side of your neck
External Jugular vein
Vein on inside of your thigh
Great saphenous
What sends body cells nutrients and oxygen and removes waste
Systemic circuit
________ is found by subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure
Pulse pressure
An arterial disease in which deposits of fatty materials like cholesterol form plaque lining the walls of arteries that restricts blood flow
Atherosclerosis
The heart is located inside the
Parietal pericardium
What are the 3 layers of the wall of the heart
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Blood is supplied to the heart by the right and left
Coronary arteries
Atrial contraction, while the ventricles relax, followed by ventricular contraction, while the atria relax, is known as the
Cardiac cycle
