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Anatomy > Chapter 13, The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 13, The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

How many liters of blood does the heart pump each day

A

7,000

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2
Q

How many times does the heart contract in an average lifetime

A

2.5 billion times

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3
Q

The pulmonary circuit send what kind of blood to the lungs

A

Oxygen-depleted blood

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4
Q

What does the blood pick up and deposit in the lungs

A

Picks up oxygen and deposits carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What does the systemic circuit send to all body cells and what does it remove

A

Sends oxygenated blood and nutrients

Removes waste

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6
Q

What encloses the heart and holds it in place

A

The parietal pericardium

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7
Q

What does the parietal pericardium contain

A

A small volume of serous fluid that reduces friction as the heart moves

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8
Q

How many layers are in the wall of the heart

A

3

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9
Q

What is the outer layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

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10
Q

How does the epicardium protect the heart

A

By reducing friction

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11
Q

What is the thick middle layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

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12
Q

What is the myocardium consisted of

A

Cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of heart chambers

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13
Q

What is the inner layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

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14
Q

What is the endocardium continuous with

A

The inner linings of blood vessels attached to the heart

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15
Q

How many hollow chambers are inside the heart

A

4 hollow chambers

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16
Q

What are the two upper chambers

A

Atria

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17
Q

What chambers are thin walled and receive blood retuning to the heart

A

The atria

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17
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart

A

Ventricles

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18
Q

What chambers receive blood from the atria and contract to force blood out of the heart into the arteries

A

Ventricles

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19
Q

What separates the atrium and ventricle on the right side from their counterparts on the left

A

The septum

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20
Q

From where does the right atrium receive blood

A

The superior and inferior vena cava

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21
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve

A

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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22
Q

What does the tricuspid valve do

A

Allows blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle without backflow

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23
Q

What are the tricuspid and mitral valves called

A

Atrioventricular valves (A-V)

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24
Q

Which ventricle has a thinner muscular wall than the other

A

The right

25
Q

Why does the right ventricle have a thinner muscular wall than the left ventricle

A

Because the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs. The left ventricle has to pump blood throughout the body

26
Q

Where does the blood exit when the muscular wall of the right ventricle contracts

A

Through the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary valve

27
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk divide into

A

The left and right pulmonary arteries

28
Q

What does the blood pick up and deposit in the lungs

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide

29
Q

Where does the left atrium receive oxygenated blood from

A

The lungs through four pulmonary veins, two from the right lung and two from the left

30
Q

Through what does the blood pass when it goes from the left atrium into the left ventricle

A

The mitral/bicuspid valve

31
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes and the only exit for the blood is through the _______

A

Aorta

32
Q

What does the heartbeat sound like through a stethoscope

A

Lubb-dupp

33
Q

Why does the heart sound like lubb-dupp

A

Because it’s the vibration of the heart tissue associated with the closing of the heart valves

34
Q

Where does the lubb sound come from

A

It occurs during ventricular contraction when the A-V valves, mainly the tricuspid, are closing

35
Q

Where does the dubb sound come from

A

Occurs during ventricular relaxation when the pulmonary and aortic valves are closing

36
Q

What do blood vessels consist of

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

37
Q

What are arteries

A

Strong elastic vessels that are adapted to carry blood away from the heart under high pressure

38
Q

What does endothelium release

A

Nitric oxide, which relaxes the smooth muscle of the vessel

39
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

An arterial disease in which deposits of fatty materials like cholesterol form plaque lining the walls of arteries that restricts blood flow

40
Q

What are the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis

A 
A fatty (saturated), high sodium diet
Elevated blood pressure
Tobacco smoking
Obesity
Lack of physical exercise
41
Q

How is pulse pressure calculated

A

By subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure

42
Q

What is the lowest heart rate recorded by an athlete

A

25 beats per minute

43
Q

Where is the common carotid and what happens if one of the branches gets clotted

A

In your neck

You’ll have a stroke

44
Q

Where is the radial artery

A

In your forearm

Named after the radius

45
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery do

A

Feeds the organs

46
Q

Where is your external jugular

A

On the side of your neck, in ur head

47
Q

Where is the great saphenous vein

A

On the inside of your thigh

48
Q

Artery in your neck

A

Common carotid

49
Q

Artery in your forearm

A

Radial artery

50
Q

Artery that feeds the organs

A

Superior mesenteric

51
Q

Vein on side of your neck

A

External Jugular vein

52
Q

Vein on inside of your thigh

A

Great saphenous

53
Q

What sends body cells nutrients and oxygen and removes waste

A

Systemic circuit

54
Q

________ is found by subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure

A

Pulse pressure

55
Q

An arterial disease in which deposits of fatty materials like cholesterol form plaque lining the walls of arteries that restricts blood flow

A

Atherosclerosis

56
Q

The heart is located inside the

A

Parietal pericardium

57
Q

What are the 3 layers of the wall of the heart

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

58
Q

Blood is supplied to the heart by the right and left

A

Coronary arteries

59
Q

Atrial contraction, while the ventricles relax, followed by ventricular contraction, while the atria relax, is known as the

A

Cardiac cycle

Anatomy (4 decks)

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