Chapter 13 Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves Flashcards
what is the spinal cord? located?
what is a bundle of spinal nerves called? located?
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? name the nerves and how many pairs in each of them?
name the parts of the spinal cord and elaborate if possible. (5 things)
what are spinal nerves?
how are the spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord?
what is the dorsal root and the dorsal root ganglion?
what is the ventral root?
what is each nerve in the PNS wrapped in?
what are the 3 layers of connective tissue that protect the nerves of the PNS?
what are the 2 functions of the spinal cord?
what are tracts?
what are the different terms for a “bundle of axons” in the PNS and CNS?
how is a tract named?
what are conduction pathways in the spinal cord?
what are the ascending tracts? function?
what are the 3 successive neurons of the ascending tracts? functions?
what are the descending tracts? function?
what are the 2 motor neurons of the descending tracts and their function?
what are the 2 types of descending pathways to skeletal muscle? explain them
- direct which is an impulse comes from cerebral cortex and causes voluntary movement.
- indirect which is an impulse comes from brain stem and causes involuntary/subconcious movement
what is the reflex centre of the spinal cord?
what are inborn reflexes?
what are learned reflexes?
what are 2 kinds of reflexes?
how do reflexes occur?
what are the components of a reflex arc? (5 components)
- sensory receptor
- sensory neuron (afferent)
- integration centre
- motor neuron (efferent)
- effector
what is the stretch reflex? what kind of reflex is it?
what do medical professionals test reflexes?
it is a good diagnostic tool bc reflexes have predictable responses and doctors can use them to assess the health of the nervous system therefore if an abnormal response (or lack of response) occurs to a reflex test, this helps doctors diagnose a possible disease in a patient.
