Chapter 13 Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

Question 1

what is the spinal cord? located?

Question 2

what is a bundle of spinal nerves called? located?

Question 3

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? name the nerves and how many pairs in each of them?

Question 4

name the parts of the spinal cord and elaborate if possible. (5 things)

Question 5

what are spinal nerves?

Question 6

how are the spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord?

Question 7

what is the dorsal root and the dorsal root ganglion?

Question 8

what is the ventral root?

Question 9

what is each nerve in the PNS wrapped in?

Question 10

what are the 3 layers of connective tissue that protect the nerves of the PNS?

Question 11

what are the 2 functions of the spinal cord?

Question 12

what are tracts?

Question 13

what are the different terms for a “bundle of axons” in the PNS and CNS?

Question 14

how is a tract named?

Question 15

what are conduction pathways in the spinal cord?

Question 16

what are the ascending tracts? function?

Question 16

what are the 3 successive neurons of the ascending tracts? functions?

Question 17

what are the descending tracts? function?

Question 18

what are the 2 motor neurons of the descending tracts and their function?

Question 19

what are the 2 types of descending pathways to skeletal muscle? explain them

Answer 19

1. direct which is an impulse comes from cerebral cortex and causes voluntary movement.
2. indirect which is an impulse comes from brain stem and causes involuntary/subconcious movement

Question 20

what is the reflex centre of the spinal cord?

Question 21

what are inborn reflexes?

Question 22

what are learned reflexes?

Question 23

what are 2 kinds of reflexes?

Question 24

how do reflexes occur?

Question 25

what are the components of a reflex arc? (5 components)

Answer 25

1. sensory receptor
2. sensory neuron (afferent)
3. integration centre
4. motor neuron (efferent)
5. effector

Question 26

what is the stretch reflex? what kind of reflex is it?

Question 27

what do medical professionals test reflexes?

Answer 27

it is a good diagnostic tool bc reflexes have predictable responses and doctors can use them to assess the health of the nervous system therefore if an abnormal response (or lack of response) occurs to a reflex test, this helps doctors diagnose a possible disease in a patient.