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General Psychology > Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming and cause a great deal of distress

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2
Q

Obsessions

A

a thought, an urge, or an image that happens repeatedly, is intrusive and unwelcome and often causes anxiety and distress

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3
Q

Compulsion

A

behavior or mental act that a person repeats over and over in an effort to reduce anxiety

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4
Q

Psychological disorder

A

a set of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that are significantly distressing or disabling in terms of social functioning, work endeavors, and other aspects of life

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5
Q

Typicality

A

degree to which behavior is atypical, meaning rarely seen or statistically abnormal

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6
Q

Dysfunction

A

degree to which behavior interferes with daily life and relationships

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7
Q

Distress

A

degree to which behavior or emotions cause an individual to feel upset or uncomfortable

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8
Q

Deviance

A

degree to which behavior is considered outside the standards or rules of society

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9
Q

Comorbidity

A

the occurrence of two or more disorders at the same time

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10
Q

Medical model

A

an approach suggesting that psychological disorders are illnesses that have underlying biological causes

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11
Q

Biopsychosocial perspective

A

suggests that psychological disorders result from a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

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12
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A
  • separation anxiety disorder
  • specific phobia
  • social anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
  • agoraphobia
  • generalized anxiety disorder
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13
Q

Specific phobia

A

a psychological disorder characterized by a distinct fear or anxiety related to an object or situation

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14
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

an intense fear of social situations and scrutiny by others

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15
Q

Panic disorder

A

a psychological disorder that includes recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and fear that can cause significant changes in behavior

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16
Q

Panic attack

A

sudden, extreme fear or discomfort that escalates quickly, often with no evident cause

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17
Q

Agoraphobia

A

a distinct fear or anxiety related to public transportation, open spaces, retail stores, crowds, or being alone and away from home in general

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18
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

a psychological disorder characterized by an excessive amount of worry and anxiety about activities relating to family, health, school, and other aspects of daily life

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19
Q

Heritability

A

a measure of how well differences in one’s genes account for differences in one’s traits

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20
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

a psychological disorder characterized by exposure to or being threatened by an event involving death, serious injury, or violence; it can include disturbing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, and other distressing symptoms

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21
Q

Neurotransmitters involved with depression

A
  • norepinephrine
  • serotonin
  • dopamine
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22
Q

Manic episodes

A

a state of continuous elation that is out of proportion to the setting, and can include irritability, very high and sustained levels of energy, and an “expansive” mood

23
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

includes at least one major depressive episode, with symptoms such as depressed mood, problems with sleep, and loss of energy

24
Q

Schizophrenia

A

a disabling psychological disorder that can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and abnormal behavior

25
Q

Psychosis

A

loss of contact with reality that is severe and chronic

26
Q

Delusions

A

strange or false beliefs that a person firmly maintains even when presented with evidence to the contrary

27
Q

Hallucinations

A

perception-like experiences that an individual believes are real, but that are not evident to others

28
Q

Positive symptoms

A

excesses or distortions of normal behavior; examples are delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech

29
Q

Negative symptoms

A

behaviors or characteristics that are limited or absent; examples are social withdrawal, diminished speech, limited or no emotions, and loss of energy follow-up

30
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

a neurodevelopmental disorder that may share some genetic risk factors with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

31
Q

Personality Disorders

A

a group of psychological disorders that can include impairments in cognition, emotional responses, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control

32
Q

Someone with a personality disorder exhibits behaviors that deviate substantially in the following areas

A
  • cognition
  • emotional responses
  • interpersonal functioning
  • impulse control
33
Q

Personality Disorders

A
  • paranoid
  • schizoid
  • schizotypal
  • antisocial
  • borderline
  • histrionic
  • narcissistic
  • avoidant
  • dependent
  • obsessive-compulsive
34
Q

Paranoid

A

widespread distrust of others without basis

35
Q

Schizoid

A

detachment from relationships and a limited range of emotional expression

36
Q

Schizotypal

A

difficulty in establishing relationships, limited ability to maintain close relationships, and eccentric or strange behavior

37
Q

Antisocial

A

unethical behavior, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, aggressiveness, disregard for others, and lack of remorse

38
Q

Borderline

A

incomplete sense of self, extreme self-criticism, unstable emotions, and feelings of emptiness

39
Q

Histrionic

A

extreme emotions used to gain attention

40
Q

Narcissistic

A

self-absorbed, needs to be admired, lack of empathy

41
Q

Avoidant

A

social self-consciousness, hypersensitive to negative feedback

42
Q

Dependent

A

clingy, needs to be cared for by others

43
Q

Obsessive-compulsive

A

fixation with order, perfection, and control

44
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

psychological disorders distinguished by disturbances in normal psychological functioning; may include problems with memory, identity, consciousness, perception, and motor control; similar to <ultiple Personality Disorder

45
Q

Dissociation

A

a disturbance in the normally integrated experience of psychological functions involved in memory, consciousness, perception, or identity

46
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

marked by difficulty remembering important personal information and life events

47
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

a condition in which a person with dissociative amnesia or dissociative identity disorder wanders about in a confused and unexpected manner

48
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

involves the occurrence of two or more distinct personalities within an individual

49
Q

Eating Disorders

A

serious dysfunctions in eating behavior that can involve restricting food consumption, obsessing over weight or body shape, eating too much, and purging; usually begins in the early teens and more so in girls

50
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • characterized by self-imposed restrictions on calories needed to maintain a healthy weight
  • often have a distorted sense of body weight and figure
  • has one of the highest death rates of all psychological disorders
51
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

involves recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption; one feels unable to control the bingeing but the excessive weight control and purging behaviors are not present

52
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • involves recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by purging to prevent weight gain
  • carries serious health risks such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes
53
Q
A

General Psychology (6 decks)

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