Chapter 13: PNF Flashcards
what are the principles of PNF
positive approach
helps patient reach highest functional level
mobilise potential via intensive active training
consider the total human being, not a specific problem or body segment
incorporate motor control and learning principles
what are the basic neurophysiological principles?
afterdischarge - effect of the stimulus continues after the stimulus has stopped
temporal summation - a succession of weak stimuli occuring to cause excitation
spatial summation - weak stimuli applied to different parts of the body reinforce each other to cause excitation
Irradiation - the spreading and increased strength of a response (can be excitation or inhibition)
successive induction - increased excitation of agonist muscles following contraction of antagonist
reciprocal inhibition - the contraction of the agonist muscles with simultaneous inhibition of antagonist muscle
what are the goals of PNF?
increase ability to move
increase ability to remain stable
help to achieve coordinated movements through timing
increase muscle endurance
guide the movement using proper manual contact and appropriate resistance
importance of auditory stimulus
guides the start of movement
affects the strength of muscle contractions or relaxation
promotes attentiveness of the patient
helps patient learn a functional activity
importance of manual facilitation in PNF
increase awareness of movement
increase muscle activity
promote tactile kinesthetic perception
importance of appropriate timing in PNF
redirect energy to a strong contraction into weaker muscles
change the normal sequencing of motions to emphasise a particular muscle or activity
start from distal to proximal
importance of resistance in PNF
promote strength
improve motor learning
improve perception and control of movement
importance of visual stimulation in PNF
assist in initial learning
help to identify direction of motion and position in space
direct movement of head trunk and extremities
receive feedback to allow for fine tuning
importance of stretching stimulus
give reflexive contraction, followed by immediate application of appropriate directional resistance
occurs when muscles is quickly elongated
a preparatory motion to facilitate muscles contractions
Importance of traction in PNF
increase muscular response and promote movement or proximal stability
aids in elongation of muscle tissue when using repeated stretch techniques
provides relief of joint pain
Importance of approximation in PNF
manual compression of the body segment to:
provide stabilisation
facilitate weightbearing
facilitate contraction of antigravity muscles
