Chapter 13 Part 2 The Rest Flashcards
In the early 1940’s Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed related approaches to humanistic psychology. They began with existential assumptions_____ and ______. But added the crucial assumption (_____) that _______.
phenomenology is central and people have free will
No proof but assumption that people are basically good
According to Rogers a person can only be understood from the perspective of her _____. And people have the need to _______, maintain and enhance life.
phenomenal field
actualize
According to Maslow human motivation is characterized by a ________ and people will only self actuallize if _______
hierarchy of needs
their basic needs are met
Maslows theory has practical application in areas such as ______ and _________.
career choice and employee motivation
ex if you grew up in the depression where jobs were scarce a required stable job would be preferred to a high paying non-essential job
What is Evolutionary psychologist Douglas Kerick’s revised hierarchy of human motives?
1) immediate physiological needs
2) self protection
3) affiliation
4) status and esteem
5) mate acquistion
6) mate retention
7) parenting
Rogers fully functional person is the same as what existentialist would call an authentic experience except that the fully functioning person is _____. They will also face the world with out ________, ______, ______. Doing this is only possible if you have experienced ________. If you internalize other peoples values you will develop _____
happy
fear, self doubt, neurotic defenses
unconditional positive regard
conditions of worth
George Kelly believed that a persons _________ experience of the world was the most important part of her psychology.
individual
Kelly’s contribution was to emphasize how ___________ assembles one’s various construals of the world into individually held theories called ________.
cognitive (thinking) systems
personal constructs
Kelly viewed constructs as __________ scales ranging b/w one concept and its opposite (ex. ___) along which people or objects can be arranged.
bipolar dimensions
ex. good vs bad, large vs small
Kellys favored method of assessing the personal construct system is the _____________
Role construct repertory test (rep test)
Describe the REP test:
You are asked to name three people, ideas and traits you admire and say why two are similar and one is different. Kellly believed that the ways you discriminate these objects reveals your contructs.
Research has shown that particular constructs are more readily brought to mind in certain individuals these are called ___________
chronically accessible constructs
Kelly believed your _________ system is the frame work for your perceptions and thoughts about the world
personal construct
sociality corollary is a __________ and holds that _________
corollary of personal constructs
understanding another person means understnding her personal construct system.
Depending on personal constructs any pattern of appearances can lead to ________consturals
numerous or infinite
When Kelly deliberately offered patients odd interpretations they were _________. This shows that an important aspect of psychotherepy is not content but __________.
helpful
getting the patient to construe reality differently
Cssikszentmihalyi developed the concept of ____
flow
Define Flow:
the subjective experience, enjoyment itself of autoletic activities.
What are autoletic activities?
Activities that are enjoyable for their owns sake. ex. artists, writing, music
What characterizes flow:
1) total concentration, lack of distractibility
2) Ones mood is elevated slightly
3) time passes quickly.
When does flow arise?
When the challenges an activity presents are well matched with your skills. If an activity is to easy or hard you will experience anxiety.
_____ disrupts flow for long periods of time
watching TV
Which type of people benefit from flow?
people high in locus of control. Who believe they can control their own life outcome
What does Maddi believe about stress?
He argues life would be boring and meaningless without it.
According to Madi the most severe kind of existential pathology is _________ in which the person feels nothing has meaning. A more common slightly less severe form is nihilism in which ______
vegetativeness
experience is dominated by anger, disgust and cynicism.
Hardiness:
a lifestyle that embraces rather than avoids potential sources of stress.
Properly approached stressful and challenging experiences can bring _____,_______ and _________.
learning growth and wisdom.
_____ people are generally healthier and better adjusted psychologically even under stressful circumstances.
hardy
Self Determination theory asserts that happpiness can be pursued through _______ (seeking pleasure and comfort) or through ________( seeking to fulfill ones potential
hedonic
eudaimonic
The hedonic rout is ultimately ___________ because people have universal, fundamental needs for _____, _____, and ______ which are best fulfilled by pursuing ____ (meaningful in themself) rather than extrinsic (_____) goals
self defeating
autonomy, competence and relatedness
intrinsic
means to an end
The most commonly sought extrinsic goal is
money
autonmomy means:
finding your own way and making your own choices
competence means:
finding something you are good at
Relatedness means:
estabilshing meaningful and staifying ties to other people
It is better to value_____ goals
intrinsic
Positive Psychology:
focuses on phenomena such as positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, positive institutions in order to improve quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless
Self determination theory is a significant part of ______
positive psychology
Positive psych is the rebirth of _______psych
humanistic
Positive psychology investigates the _____,______ and ________ that promote a happy and meaningful life.
traits, processes and social institutions
The most distincitve feature is its focus on _____ rather than faults
strenghts
What are the 6 core virtues identified by positive psychology?
1) courage
2) justice
3) humanity
4) temperance
5) wisdom
6) transcendence
Define courage
emotional strengths that involve exercising or will to accomplish goals in the face of oppostion ex. bravery and honesty
Define Justice
Strengths that underlie healthy community life ex, fairness, leadership and teamwork
Define Humanitiy
strenghts that involve protecting and caring for others. ex. love and kindness
Define Temperance
strengths that protect excess. ex. forgiveness, humility and self control
Define Wisdom
strengths that entail the acquisition and use of knowledge ex. creativity, curiosity, judgement and perspective
Define transcendence
strengths that give meaning to life by connecting the larger universe ex. gratitude hope and spirituality.
Which virtues were most clearly universal?
Justice and humanity
Which virtues were implied universally?
Temperance, wisdom and transcendance
________ did not showed consensus and was not viewed as important by confuciansim, taoisim and buddhism
courage
The 2 main contributions to humanistic psychs phenomenological approach are the attempt to address _________ and its emphasis on ______________
the mystery of human experience
nonjudgmental understanding of individuals and cultures
T or F: it is possible to judge one persons views as right and anothers as wrong
False everyone has different vies of reality and there are many correct perspectives
