Chapter 12 Flashcards
Many modern researchers put lots of effort into proving freud was ___________
Wrong about everything
What is the theme of post-freudian psychoanalysis?
To move away from the emphasis on instincts towards a focus on the interpersonal aspects of life.
objects are________
partially accurate mental images of people
Object relations theory:
Deals with the origin and implication of objects
Attachment theory
focuses on how attechment is significant to other people called attachment figures
Neo-Freudian psychologist include:
Anna Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, Karen Horney, Klein and Winnicott.
3 Common themes of Neo-Freudian:
- view sex as less important then Freud (general life motivation)
- put less emphasis on unconscious mental processes and more on conscious mental thought
- pults less emphasis on instinctual drives nd mental life as psychological difficulties focus on interpersonal relationships
Ego Psychology focuses on
perception, memory, learning and rational conscious thinking rather than sexuality, psychic conflict and the unconscious.
Alfred Adler
First major disciple of Freud to break away from him
Why did Alder break away?
Thought Freud focused too much on sex as a motivator rather than social interest.
How did Alder define Social interest?
The desire to relate positively and productively with other people.
Organ inferiority
Someone who felt physically weak as a child will strive for physical strength as an adult
Masculine Protest
The overcompensating behaviour that results in an adult acting powerful because of inadequacies as a child
What are two familiar terms rooted in Adlerian thought?
Inferiority complex and lifestyle
Carl Jung lived from
1875-1961
What was Jung’s relationship with Freud?
Originally friends with numerous letters. Jung was anointed by Freud as the 1st president of the International Psychanalytic Association. But eventually theories parted to the point that they couldn’t get along.
What is Jungs best known idea?
Collective unconscious
What is the Collective unconcious?
The belief that all people share inborn “racial” or species specific memories and ideas which reside in the unconcious. Archetypes.
Define Archetype
Basic images which reside in the unconcious, Core of how people think about the world consciously and unconsciously.
Where can you see archetypes?
Dreams, cultural mythologies, fantasies and modern literature
Define Persona
The social mask one wears in public. To some degree everyone’s is false.
Anima is ____________ and Animus is ___________
- the prototype of the female in the mind of a male, “feminine side”
- the prototype of a male in the mind of a female, “masculine side”
Introverts_______
orient to inner world
Extroverts_________
orient to outer world
What are Jungs Rational thinkings?
thinking and feeling
What are Jungs irrational thinkings?
sensing and intuiting
What is a modern personality test based on Jungs ideas?
Myers- Briggs Type indicator
Feminine Psychology and Basic Anxiety was developed by ___________
Karen Horney
Horney beleived _________ could help people through psychological difficulties when professional psychoanalysis was impractical or unavailable.
Self analysis
Three most influential women in Psychology:
Karen Horney
Anna Freud
Melanie Klein
How did Horney’s view of Women differ from Freuds?
Freud saw women as damaged men, Horney beleived the only reason some women might wish to be men is because men were feeer. (this means less women should want to be men today)
Neurotic needs are___________
Needs people feel but that are neither realistic or desirable. Include needs to find a life partner who will solve all of ones problems
Erik Erikson’s innovations in psychoanalytic theory make him _____
Freuds most important revolutionist
Erikson suggested that some conflicts are _________
conscious
Erikson took a ________approach while Freud took a ________approach
- psychosocial
- psychosexual
What are Erikson’s 8 Stages:
- Trust vs Mistrust
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
- Initiative vs guilt
- industry vs inferiority
- identity vs identity confusion
- intimacy vs isolation
- Generativity vs Stagnation
- Integrity vs despair
Which of Erikson’s stages correspond to Freud’s oral stage:
Basic trust vs mistrust
Which of Erikson’s stages correspond to Freud’s anal stage:
autonomy vs shame and doubt
Which of Erikson’s stages correspond to Freud’s phallic stage:
initiative vs guilt
Which of Erikson’s stages correspond to Freud’s latency period:
industry vs inferiority
Which of erikson’s stages deviate from Freuds most?
5 to 8 –Because Erikson extended development through old age.
- identity vs identity confusion
- intimacy vs isolation
- Generativity vs Stagnation
- Integrity vs despair
Klein and Winnicott developed which theory?
Object Relations Theory
What is object relations theory?
In psychoanalytic terms important people are called objects and the analysis of interpersonal relationships is object relations.
We can only relate to other people via the image we have of them in our minds.
What are the 4 principle themes of object relations theory?
1) every relationship has elements of satisfaction/ frustration and pleasure/pain
2) The mix of love and hate
3) Distinction between parts of the love object and the whole person
4) To some degree the psych is aware of and disturbed by these contradictions
What was Melanie Kleins great innovation in Psychology
Using play to communicate with and diagnose children
Paranoid and depressive postion
Fear the bad/ destroy part and worship/ protect the good part
Transitional object
special object that bridges the gap from the childs private fantasy to reality. Has emotional meaning and can comfort child when adult company isn’t available.
Transitional object are transitional in two senses:
1) help the child make change from being cared for to being alone
2) state between fantasy and reality
False self:
- put on to please others. Similar to Jungs persona.
What is the purpose of psychoanalysis from an object relations perspective?
Minimize discrepancy between the true and false self.
Current research that is psychoanalytic:
1) examination of mental processes that conflict
2) unconscious mental processes
3) compromises amont mental processes (outside conscious)
4) self-defensive thought and self-deception
5) The influence of the past on current functioning
6) Sexual or aggressive wishes as they influence, thought, behaviour or feeling
Modern pschologists parrallel distributed processing model posits __________
THat the mind does many things at once and only a small amount of this activity is conscious.
Catharsis
Freely expressing one’s psychological disturbances. is beneficial to mental health
Attachment theory developed from Freud’s concept of _________
Transference
Attachment theory:
Focuses on patterns of relationships with others that are consistently repeated with different partners throughout life. Based on our evolutionary desire for protection.
Child draws two lessons from experience with caregivers:
1) beleif about whether attachment figures will be reliable
2) Belief about whether she is the kind of person to whom attachment figures are likely to respond.
Five Neo- Freudian Propositions:
1) Much of mental life is unconscious
2) Mind des many things at once and can conflict itself
3) Childhood events shape personality esp. relationships
4) Relationships formed with significant people create patters repeated throughout life
5) Pschological development involves moving from an unregulated state to a more regulated state with important relationships
What are the three basic styles of attachment?
1) anxious ambibalent
2) avoidant
3) secure
Research shows when people feel threatened they will __________
go to their attachment figure if not physically in mind
