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Physics 2 > Chapter 13 and 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 and 15 Flashcards

1
Q

When the X-ray photon interacts with an inner shell electron and ejects the electron and is totally absorbed in the interaction.

A

Photoelectric absorption

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2
Q

Coherent scatter is also called

A

Classical scatter
Thomson scatter
Unmodified scatter

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3
Q

When X-ray photons interact with orbiting electrons causing them to vibrate

A

Coherent scattering

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4
Q

Which interaction uses very low energy and is not seen in diagnostic X-ray?

A

Coherent scattering or Thomson

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5
Q

When incident photons interacts and removes a loosely bound outer shell electron.

A

Compton scattering

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6
Q

In Compton scattering, the incident photon loses up to ___ of its incoming energy and proceeds in a new direction causing scattering.

A

1/3

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7
Q

Which interaction requires very high energy photons?

A

Pair production

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8
Q

When photons come in and gets close to the nucleus of the atom losing all of its energy in the process.

A

Pair production

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9
Q

Which interaction requires very high energy photons above 10 MeV?

A

Photodisintegration

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10
Q

Which 2 interactions have effects on X-ray images?

A

Photoelectric absorption
Compton scattering

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11
Q

As kVp increases, photoelectric absorption ____

A

Decreases

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12
Q

As KVP increases, Compton scatter ____

A

Increases

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13
Q

Which 2 situation will photoelectric be found?

A

Lower KVP ranges (40-70)
When contrast agents are introduced

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14
Q

Factors contributing to Compton scatter are

A

KVP
Volume of irradiated material

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15
Q

An increased KVP will ______ patient dose

A

Decrease

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16
Q

A decreased KVP will ____ the dose

A

Increase

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17
Q

Volume of irradiated material includes

A

Field size
Patient thickness
Average tissue density

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18
Q

An increased FS will _____ volume of tissue irradiated

A

Increase

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19
Q

Increased FS results in ______ scatter

A

Increased

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20
Q

Decreased FS will _____ beam quantity

A

Decrease

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21
Q

Thicker body parts produce ____ scatter

A

More

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22
Q

______ devices can be used to improve spatial resolution and contrast.

A

Compression

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23
Q

Beam restrictions include

A

Aperture diaphragms
Cones
Cylinders
Collimators
Ancillary devices

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24
Q

The reduction in the number of X-ray photons in the beam, and subsequent loss of energy, as the beam passes through matter.

A

Attenuation

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25
When an X-ray beam passes through matter, it goes through a process called
Attenuation
26
The center of the atom is a positively charged nucleus containing
Protons and neutrons
27
The energy required to remove an electron from a shell is termed the
Binding energy
28
The average atom in the soft tissue of the body has an approximate k-shell binding energy of only
0.5 kev
29
What are the 5 interactions between X-ray and matter
Photoelectric absorption Coherent scattering Compton scattering Pair production Photodisintegration
30
kVp affects the ___ of the beam
Penetrability
31
Which factors contribute to Compton scatter?
KVp and patient thickness
32
Are scatter photons part of the useful beam?
No
33
What does a decreased field size do to beam quantity?
Decreases it
34
The thicker the body part the _____ scatter
More
35
_____ and _____ increase the number of interactions
Thickness and density
36
_____ body parts produce more scatter
Denser
37
Compression devices are used to improve
Spatial resolution And contrast
38
Decreasing part thickness results in _____ patient dose
Lower
39
Decreased OID improves
Spatial resolution
40
Ideally, beam restrictors decrease ______ to anatomy of interest
Field size
41
There are 2 sets of _____ that permit infinite number of field sizes
Shutters
42
The bottom shutters reduce
Penumbra
43
Geometric unsharpness around periphery of image
Penumbra AKA edge unsharpness
44
______ radiation occurs from areas of the X-ray tube other than focal spot area
Off focus
45
Off focus radiation produces images beyond
Exposed field of radiation
46
The light field needs to be accurate within
+/- 2%
47
PBL stands for
Positive beam limitation
48
______ degrades image quality by placing exposures on the IR that are unrelated to patient anatomy (fog)
Scatter
49
Automatically collimates beam to size of image receptor
PBL
50
The upper shutter reduces
Off focus radiation reaching IR
51
What is the most common beam restrictor?
Collimation
52
Compression bands are routinely used in
Mammography
53
For radiographers to get the best possible image we must minimize the amount of ____ reaching the IR
Scatter
54
•An image is created when
some photons pass through unaffectedwhile others are absorbed
55
The more photons that pass through unaffected, the _____ IR exposure
Better
56
The volume of irradiated material is controlled by
field size and patient thickness
57
As volume increases, scatter
Increases
58
The higher the atomic number is, the ______ photoelectric absorption and ____ scatter
More Less
59
What 3 things absorb radiation and cause a high contrast image when used
Barium Iodine Lead
60
_____ should never be greater than IR size
Field size
61
flat sheet of metal (lead) has opening in the center and attaches to the x-ray tube port
Aperture diaphragms
62
Device placed between the patient and IR
Grid

Physics 2 (6 decks)

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