Chapter 13: Adaptations to Pregnancy: Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 1

Inhibits contractions during pregnancy by relaxing smooth uterine muscle

Answer 1

progesterone

Question 2

Causes increased activity of salivary glands

Answer 2

estrogen

Question 3

Causes hypertrophy of bladder walls

Answer 3

estrogen

Question 4

Plays a role in decreased insulin sensitivity (increased insulin resistance)

Answer 4

both

Question 5

Causes vascular changes in the skin

Answer 5

estrogen

Question 6

preventing spontaneous abortion by relaxing the smooth muscles of the uterus

Answer 6

progesterone

Question 7

Suppresses secretion of milk during pregnancy

Answer 7

both

Question 8

Functional changes of liver and gallbladder

Answer 8

progesterone

Question 9

stimulating the development of the lobes and lobules in the breast in preparation for lactation

Answer 9

progesterone

Question 10

Plays a role in increased pigmentation

Answer 10

both

Question 11

suppressing the immunologic response, preventing rejection of the fetus

Answer 11

progesterone

Question 12

AIDS in developing the ductal system in the breasts in preparation for lactation

Answer 12

estrogen

Question 13

Secreted by the ovaries; inhibits production of FSH and LH

Answer 13

progesterone

Question 14

Decreases lower esophageal sphincter tone, which can cause heartburn/pyrosis

Answer 14

progesterone

Question 15

Decreases intestinal motility and tone

Answer 15

progesterone

Question 16

maintaining the endometrial layer for implantation of the fertilized ovum

Answer 16

progesterone

Question 17

Induces hyperemia of gums, nasal mucous membranes, and cervix which causes Chadwick’s sign, gingivitis, and gum bleeding

Answer 17

estrogen

Question 18

increasing respiratory sensitivity to carbon dioxide, stimulating ventilation

Answer 18

progesterone

Question 19

Increases mobility of pelvic ligaments in 2nd trimester, which causes postural changes and facilitates passage of fetus through pelvis at time of birth

Answer 19

both

Question 20

Stimulates uterine growth and increases blood supply to uterine vessels

Answer 20

estrogen

Question 21

facilitating the deposit of maternal fat stores, which provide a reserve of energy for pregnancy and lactation

Answer 21

progesterone

Question 22

preventing tissue rejection of the fetus

Answer 22

progesterone

Question 23

relaxing smooth muscle of the uterus, gastric sphincter, intestines, ureters, and bladder

Answer 23

progesterone

Question 24

Has salt-wasting effects (countered by aldosterone)

Answer 24

progesterone