Chapter 13: Adaptations to Pregnancy: Estrogen and Progesterone Flashcards
Inhibits contractions during pregnancy by relaxing smooth uterine muscle
progesterone
Causes increased activity of salivary glands
estrogen
Causes hypertrophy of bladder walls
estrogen
Plays a role in decreased insulin sensitivity (increased insulin resistance)
both
Causes vascular changes in the skin
estrogen
preventing spontaneous abortion by relaxing the smooth muscles of the uterus
progesterone
Suppresses secretion of milk during pregnancy
both
Functional changes of liver and gallbladder
progesterone
stimulating the development of the lobes and lobules in the breast in preparation for lactation
progesterone
Plays a role in increased pigmentation
both
suppressing the immunologic response, preventing rejection of the fetus
progesterone
AIDS in developing the ductal system in the breasts in preparation for lactation
estrogen
Secreted by the ovaries; inhibits production of FSH and LH
progesterone
Decreases lower esophageal sphincter tone, which can cause heartburn/pyrosis
progesterone
Decreases intestinal motility and tone
progesterone
maintaining the endometrial layer for implantation of the fertilized ovum
progesterone
Induces hyperemia of gums, nasal mucous membranes, and cervix which causes Chadwick’s sign, gingivitis, and gum bleeding
estrogen
increasing respiratory sensitivity to carbon dioxide, stimulating ventilation
progesterone
Increases mobility of pelvic ligaments in 2nd trimester, which causes postural changes and facilitates passage of fetus through pelvis at time of birth
both
Stimulates uterine growth and increases blood supply to uterine vessels
estrogen
facilitating the deposit of maternal fat stores, which provide a reserve of energy for pregnancy and lactation
progesterone
preventing tissue rejection of the fetus
progesterone
relaxing smooth muscle of the uterus, gastric sphincter, intestines, ureters, and bladder
progesterone
Has salt-wasting effects (countered by aldosterone)
progesterone
