chapter 13

Question 1

what is kinship? forms?

Answer 1

• Relatedness, refers to the socially recognized ties that connect people to one another including:
  
  • Friendship, marriage, parenthood, shared links to a common ancestor, work place associations, etc

Question 2

what are kinship systems based on?

Answer 2

• Based on social relationships of mating, birth, and nurturance
  
  • Believed to be based on shared substance and its transmission, either bodily (blood, genes, milk) or spiritual (soul nurturance, love)

Question 3

what is descent?

Answer 3

• Descent is the cultural principle that defines social categories through culturally recognized parent-child connections

Question 4

what should a kinship diagram include?

Answer 4

• Kinship diagram must have a clear legend (male ego, female ego, male, female, non-specific gender, deceased, married to, divorced, lines connecting parents and children, lines connecting siblings)

Question 5

example of a kinship diagram exam question

Answer 5

mac informed me he has two sisters, but only 1 is married. Macs sister and her husband have two children, a boy and a girl- macs parents were married for many years, but they have since divorced.

Question 6

what was found connected to the kwaday dan ts’inchi tribe?

Answer 6

• Scientists find 17 living relatives of ‘iceman’ discovered in B.C.
  
  • Kinship, connection to community.

Question 7

what is a clan?

Answer 7

• A clan is A descent group made up of lineages whose members believe they are related, even if they can no longer specify the links.

Question 8

what is patrilineage?

Answer 8

• A patrilineage is a social group formed by people connected through father-child links.

Question 9

what is matrilineage?

Answer 9

• A matrilineage is a social group formed by people connected through mother- child links.

Question 10

how is descent usually traced? who is typically the most important man in a boy’s life?

Answer 10

• Descent is traced through women rather than men.
  
  • They do not mirror patrilineage- the sister brother pair is important
  • The most important man in a boy’s life is his maternal uncle

Question 11

how is adoption positioned within the kinship system?

Answer 11

• Position with kinship system are often viewed as examples of ascribed statuses- social positions given to people at birth
  
  • Achieved status are those social positions that can be attained later in life
  • Adoption: people transform achieved status into ascribed status, thus changing a relation of nurturance into one of kinship.

Question 12

how does marriage embed human mating? what does it create?

Answer 12

• Marriage embeds human mating within an elaborately constructed social and cultural niche
  
  • It creates new relationships between the kin of spouses, called affinal relationships, in contrast to consanguineal relationships (based on descent)

Question 13

define endogamy and exogamy

Answer 13

relationships (based on descent)
• Endogamy: marriage contracted within a defined social group
Exogamy: marriage outside a defined group

Question 14

describe neolocal marriage

Answer 14

• Neolocal residence: couple sets up independent household in a new location, found in societies rather than individualistic

Question 15

describe patrilocal residence

Answer 15

• Patrilocal residence: couple lives with/near husbands father, common among patrilineal pastoral and farming communities

Question 16

describe matrilocal residence

Answer 16

• Matrilocal residence: couple lives with/near wifes mother. Common among matrilineal groups

Question 17

describe Avunculocal residence

Answer 17

• Avunculocal residence: couple lives with/near husbands mothers brother, found among matrilineal groups

Question 18

what is a nuclear family?

Answer 18

• Nuclear family: parents and their unmarried children

Question 19

what is a polygynous family?

Answer 19

• Polygynous family: consists minimally of a husband, all his wives, and their children

Question 20

what is extended family?

Answer 20

• Extended family: parents, married children, and grandchildren

Question 21

what is joint family?

Answer 21

• Joint family: brothers and their wives, or sisters and their husbands, living together with children

Question 22

what is a blended family?

Answer 22

• Blended family: created when divorced or widowed people remarry, bringing with them children from previous families

Question 23

what is family by choice?

Answer 23

Families by choice: gays and lesbians may be rejected by their families, and so find that blood ties cannot guarantee enduring solidarity

Question 24

what is friendship?

Answer 24

• Unofficial bonds created between people that tend to be personal, and often a matter of choice
• Line between friendship and kinship may be fuzzy:
Kin may be friends and friends may be seen as relatives