chapter 11

Question 1

describe the sentinelese tribe

Answer 1

• Sentinelese tribe north sentinel island
  
  • Indochina area, India is responsible for policies regarding it
  • Have been a few attempts of contact, but ended in death
  • Dr. Pandit, anthropologist who attempted to make contact, gave them coconuts. Nothing was offered back.

Question 2

when did the discipline of economics come into being? what replaced the feudal system?

Answer 2

• The discipline of economics came into being alongside the industrial revolution in the late 1700s
  
  • Capitalism replaced the feudal economic system where wealth was distributed according to social status or rank

Question 3

what does capitalism center around?

Answer 3

• Capitalism centers around a free market system; it is based on a mechanism whereby price is dependent upon supply and demand

Question 4

contrast of capitalist and non capitalist exchanges

Answer 4

• Capitalist commodity exchanges, impersonal exchanges of goods for cash where exchange partners need not have any further contact with;
Non-capitalist gift exchanges, which are deeply embedded in social relations and always require a return gift

Question 5

3 main modes of exchange (on test)

Answer 5

• Reciprocity
  
  • Redistribution
  • Market exchange
  • Different modes of exchange can coexist in a given society
  • One mode of exchange serves to structure the main economy

Question 6

define reciprocity

Answer 6

• Reciprocity is the exchange of goods and services of equal value

Question 7

what is generalized reciprocity?

Answer 7

• Generalized reciprocity: when an exchange is carried out without specifying the time or value of the return

Question 8

what is balanced reciprocity?

Answer 8

• Balanced reciprocity: when a return of equal value at a specific time is expected

Question 9

what is negative reciprocity?

Answer 9

• Negative reciprocity: when at least one party attempts to get something for nothing, without penalty

Question 10

what does redistribution require?

Answer 10

requires some form of centralized social organization in order to:
• Receive economic contributions from all members of the group
• Redistribute the contributions so as to provide for every group member
• Ex: taxes

Question 11

what 3 things does market exchange involve? describe each

Answer 11

• Trade: the exchange of goods
  
  • Money: a medium of exchange that assigns values to goods
  • Market: the supply-demand price mechanism for regulating exchange

Question 12

how is the anthropology of food and nutrition studied?

Answer 12

• Historically, biological anthropologists have completed cross-cultural comparisons of nutrition and growth
  
  • Cultural anthropologists have in the past documented local food habits
  • The anthropology of food and nutrition now addresses how the global capitalist food market works:
  • Looks at the impact of political forces on the production, distribution, and consumption of food around the world