Chapter 13

Question 1

What is local biodiversity?

Answer 1

range of species in small local habitat

Question 2

What is global biodiversity?

Answer 2

variety of species on earth

Question 3

What is species richness?

Answer 3

number of different species in a community

Question 4

What is an index of diversity?

Answer 4

the relationship between the number of species in a community and the numbers of individuals in each species

Question 5

What is the calculation for index of diversity?

Answer 5

d = N(N-1)/En(n-1)
N = total number of organisms of all species
n = total number of organisms of each species

Question 6

How has farming impacted biodiversity?

Answer 6

farming has reduced biodiversity

• pesticides
• herbicides
• woodland clearance

Question 7

What examples of conservation schemes are there?

Answer 7

• legal protection to endangered species
• restricting development in places with ‘natural beauty’ / scientific interest
• encouraging farmers to conserve biodiversity = Environmental Stewardship Scheme

Question 8

How does the frequency of measurable/observable characteristics enable us to measure genetic diversity?

Answer 8

different alleles determine different characteristics = a wide variety of characteristics = high genetic diversity

Question 9

How does looking at DNA and RNA base sequences and amino acid sequences help us measure genetic diversity?

Answer 9

• different alleles have slightly different base sequences = comparing DNA base sequences of same gene in different organisms means we can find alleles in common population
• different alleles produce different mRNA base sequences = produce proteins with different amino acids sequences to be compared

Question 10

How does standard deviation help us analyse data?

Answer 10

ERROR BAR

• overlap = not significantly different
• no overlap = significantly different