Chapter 13

Question 0

Self concept

Answer 0

Domain- specific evaluations on the self

Question 1

Self esteem

Answer 1

The global evaluative dimension of the self.

Question 2

Preconventional reasoning

Answer 2

The lowest level of moral reasoning. The individuals concept of good and bad is interpreted primarily in terms of external rewards and punishment.

Question 3

Heteronomous morality

Answer 3

Kohlbergs first stage in Preconventional reasoning in which moral thinking is tied to punishment.

Question 4

Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange

Answer 4

The second Kohlberg stage in Preconventional reasoning. At this stage individuals pursue their own internets but also let others do the same.

Question 5

Conventional reasoning

Answer 5

The second or intermediate level in khols ergs theory of moral development. This this level individuals abide by certain a standards, but they are standards of others such as parents of the government.

Question 6

Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity.

Answer 6

Kholbergs third stage of moral development. At this stage, individuals value trust, caring, and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgment.

Question 7

Social systems morality

Answer 7

The fourth stage in kohlbergs theory of moral development. Moral judgments are based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty

Question 8

Post conventional reasoning

Answer 8

The highest level in kohlbergs theory of moral development. At this level, the individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then decides on a personal moral code.

Question 9

Social contract or utility and individual rights

Answer 9

The 5th stage, individuals reason that values, rights, and principles undergird or transcend the law.

Question 10

Universal ethical principles

Answer 10

The 6th and highest stage in kohlbergs theory of moral development. Individuals develop a moral standard based on universals principle of human rights.

Question 11

Justice perspective

Answer 11

A moral perspective that focuses on the rights of an individual; individuals independently make moral decisions.

Question 12

Care perspective

Answer 12

The moral perspective of carol gilligan, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.

Question 13

Domain theory of moral development

Answer 13

Theory that traces social knowledge and reasoning to moral social conventional and personal domains. These domains arise from children’s and adolescents attempts to understand and deal with different forms of social experience.

Question 14

Social conventional reasoning

Answer 14

Thoughts about social consensus and convention established in order to control behavior and maintain the social system.

Question 15

Gender stereotypes

Answer 15

Broad categories that reflect our impressions and beliefs about females and males.

Question 16

Rapport talk

Answer 16

The language of conversation and way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships more characteristics of females than of males.

Question 17

Report talk

Answer 17

Talk that conveys information, more characteristic of males than females.

Question 18

Popular children

Answer 18

Children who frequently nominated as best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.

Question 19

Average children

Answer 19

Children who receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from peers.

Question 20

Neglected children

Answer 20

Children who are infrequently nominated as a bestfriend but are not disliked by their peers.

Question 21

Rejected children

Answer 21

Children who are infrequently nominated as a bestfriend and are actively disliked by their peers

Question 22

Controversial children

Answer 22

Children who are frequently nominated both as someone’s bestfriend and as being disliked.

Question 23

Intimacy in friendships

Answer 23

Self disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts

Question 24

Constructivist approach

Answer 24

A learner- centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher.

Question 25

Direct instruction approach

Answer 25

A structured teacher center approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, mastery of academic skills, high expectation for students progress. Maximum time spent on learning tasks, and efforts to keep negative affect to a minimum.