Chapter 10

Question 0

Perspective talking

Answer 0

The social cognitive process involved in assuming the perspective of others and understanding their thoughts and feelings.

Question 1

Self-understanding

Answer 1

The child’s cognitive representation of self, the substance and content of the child’s self- conceptions.

Question 2

Moral development

Answer 2

Development that involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with others

Question 3

Heteronomous morality

Answer 3

1st stage of moral development in Piaget’s theory, occurring from ages 4-7. Justice and rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people.

Question 4

Autonomous morality

Answer 4

The second stage of moral development in Piaget’s theory, displayed by older children. The
Child becomes aware that rules and laws are created by people and that in Judging an action, one should consider the actor’s intentions as well as the consequences.

Question 5

Immanent justice

Answer 5

The expectation that if a rule is broken , punishment will be meted out immediately.

Question 6

Conscience

Answer 6

An internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves an integration of moral thought, and behavior.

Question 7

Gender identity

Answer 7

The sense of ones own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female.

Question 8

Gender role

Answer 8

A set of expectation that prescribes how females or males should think, act or feel.

Question 9

Gender typing

Answer 9

Acquisition of traditional masculine or feminine role.

Question 10

Social role theory

Answer 10

A theory that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of men and women.

Question 11

Psychoanalytic theory gender

Answer 11

Theory deriving from Frueds view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent, by approximately 5 or 6 years of age renounces this attraction because of anxious feelings, and subsequently identifies with the same sex parent. And unconsciously adopting the same-sex parents characteristics.

Question 12

Social cognitive theory of gender

Answer 12

A theory that emphasize that children’s gender development occurs through the Observation and imitation of gender behavior and through the award and punishments children experience for Gender appropriate and gender inappropriate behavior.

Question 13

Gender scheme theory

Answer 13

The theory that gender typing emerges as children gradually develop gender schemas of what is Considered gender appropriate and gender- inappropriate in their culture.

Question 14

Authoritarian parenting

Answer 14

A restrictive punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their directions and to respect work and effort. The authoritarian parent places firms limits and controls on the child and allows little verbal exchange.

Question 15

Authoritative parenting

Answer 15

A parenting style in which parents encourage their children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their action. Extensive verbal give-and take is allowed and parents warm and nurturant toward the child. Associated with social competence.

Question 16

Neglectful parenting

Answer 16

A style of parenting in which the parent is uninvolved in the child’s life, it is associated with the children’s social incompetence, especially a lack of self
Control.

Question 17

Indulgent parenting

Answer 17

A style of parenting in which parents are highly involved with their child but place few demands or control. Indulgent parenting is associated with children’s social incompetence, especially a lack of self- control.

Question 18

Sensorimotor play

Answer 18

Behavior engaged in by infants to derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas.

Question 19

Practice play

Answer 19

Play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for game of sports.

Question 20

Pretense/ symbolic play

Answer 20

Play in which the child transforms the physical environment into a symbol.

Question 21

Social play

Answer 21

Play that involves social interaction with peers.

Question 22

Constructive play

Answer 22

Play that combines sensorimotor/ practice play with symbol representation. Constructive play occurs when children engage in self- regulated creation or construction of a product or solution.

Question 23

Games

Answer 23

Activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often competition with one or more individuals.