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Psyc 1 exam 2 chpt 12, 8, 9 ,13 > chapter 13 > Flashcards

chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Personality:

A

an individual’s pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior.

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2
Q

Disposition:

A

the way a person behaves across different situations as well as over time.

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3
Q

Personality theory:

A

a system used to describe and explain the genesis and
development of an individual’s pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior.

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4
Q

Psychoanalytic theories:

A

a family of theories originated by Freud that focuses on
unconscious motivation.

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5
Q

Psychoanalysis:

A

a type of therapy in which unconscious conflicts and motivation
are uncovered, explored, and redirected.

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6
Q

Catharsis:

A

a release if emotions.

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7
Q

Unconscious:

A

according to Freud, thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes that
reside outside of awareness.

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8
Q

Conscious mind:

A

according to Freud, a part of the mind that is aware of current
thoughts and experiences.

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9
Q

Preconscious:

A

according to Freud, the part of your mind that contains materials just outside of awareness that is easy to pull into awareness.

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10
Q

iD:

A

according to Freud, the part of the personality that operates on the pleasure
principle, always looking to reduce tension that comes from basic physiological
drives.

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11
Q

Pleasure principle:

A

according to Freud, the drive to reduce tension.

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12
Q

Eros:

A

an iD instinct that reduces tension associated with basic biological drives.

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13
Q

Libido:

A

according to Freud, the energy linked with sexuality.

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14
Q

Thanatos:

A

according to Freud, ways in which we reduce tensions that are
aggressive and destructive; aka the death instinct

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15
Q

Ego:

A

according to Freud, the part of the personality responsible for interacting
with conscious reality.

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16
Q

Reality principle:

A

according to Freud, the main focus of the ego that suggests that the ego will defer pleasure until reasonable way to satisfy iD instincts is available.

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17
Q

Superego:

A

according to Freud, the part of the personality governed by the
perfection principle.

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18
Q

Perfection principle:

A

the image of their perfect person, or ego, that inspires the
superego; aka as the ego ideal

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19
Q

Psychosexual stages:

A

according to Freud, childhood developmental stages in which tension reduction is focused on different areas of the body (oral, anal, phallic, lantency, genital)

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20
Q

Oedipal complex:

A

according to Freud, a boy’s unconscious desire for his mother
that results in identification with his father.

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21
Q

Fixation:

A

according to Freud, a habit of obtaining tension reduction from an earlier stage if psychosexual development.

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22
Q

Defense mechanism:

A

according to The psychoanalytic perspective, a compromise that the ego uses to satisfy and iD instinct indirectly.

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23
Q

Neo-Freudian:

A

psychoanalytic theories inspired by sigmoid Freud.

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24
Q

Personal unconscious:

A

according to Jung, the part of one’s personality that stores material currently outside of awareness.

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25
Collective unconscious:
according to Jung, the part of their personality that stores shared experiences and ideas from previous generations
26
Archetypes:
according to Jung, a universal thought form that exists in the collective unconscious.
27
Great mother:
an archetype described by Jung that symbolizes a person or thing that provides nurture without wanting anything in return.
28
Shadow:
an archetype described by Jung that represents the worst possible version of a person.
29
Persona:
an archetype that represents the public self.
30
Hero:
an archetype that represents someone who saves the day.
31
Wise old man:
an archetype that represents wisdom.
32
Trickster:
an archetype that represents someone who pretends to be something that he or she is not.
33
Principle of opposites:
according to Jung, the theory that every wish alsow represents the opposite of the same with.
34
Principle of equivalence:
according to Jung, the energy devoted to do one thing will be equality devoted to the opposite activity.
35
Principle of entropy:
Jung's theory that opposites ten to come together over time.
36
Transcendence:
according to Jung, the process of resolving the dichotomy of who we are as people.
37
Introvert:
a personality type that prefers the internal world to external world; aka as introversion.
38
Extrovert:
a personality type that prefers the external world; aka extroversion.
39
Striving for superiority:
according to Adler, an attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority by being a better person; aka compensation..
40
Inferiority:
according to Adler, feeling of inadequacy; aka organ inferiority.
41
Lifestyle:
according to Adler, the way in which you strive for superiority in Oder to make up for feelings of inferiority.
42
Unhealthy(mistaken) lifestyle:
Adler's description of those who strive for superiority by competing with others.
43
Healthy lifestyle:
according to Adler, attempt to compensate for feelings of inferiority in a socially useful way.
44
Principle of falsifiability:
the notion that a theory must be able to be disproved in order to be testable and scientific.
45
Actualizing tendency:
according to the humanists, the instinctual despite to be the best version of yourself possible.
46
Self-actualization:
the motivation to be the best version of yourself possible.
47
Humanism:
a theoretical orientation that emphasizes growth, potential, and self-actualization; aka as the phenomenological approach.
48
Self:
a person's awareness of his of her own characteristics.
49
Humanistic psychology:
a family of personality theories that emphasize human growth, potential, and self-actualization.
50
Positive regard:
a communication of love and respect.
51
Positive self-regard:
respect for your own decisions.
52
Unconditional positive regard:
Unconditional positive regard: according to Rogers, a sense of respect and love that is not linked to specific behaviors.
53
Conditional positive regard:
according to Rogers, the idea that respect comes only when certain circumstances are met.
54
Real self:
according to Rogers, your internal idea of who you should be.
55
Self-image:
how you see yourself.
56
Ideal self:
according to Rogers, a version of yourself that could please other people.
57
Incongruency:
according to Rogers, the difference between your ideal self and your actual self.
58
Fully functioning person:
according to Jung, a person who has a developed real self.
59
Hierarchy of needs:
according to Maslow, the order of importance of motivations, from bias physiological needs to self-fulfillment needs.
60
D(deficit) needs:
according to Maslow, needs other than self-actualization needs.
61
B(being) needs:
according to Maslow, self-actualization needs.
62
Peak experience:
according to Maslow, "transient moments of self-actualization" that are associated with feelings of harmony, interconnectedness, and joy.
63
Trait:
a stable characteristic of behavior.
64
Trait theory:
a theory of personality that focuses on identifying and measuring characteristics of behavior.
65
Surface trait:
an enduring behavior that is easily observed.
66
Source trait:
a universal, enduring behavioral characteristic.
67
Factor analysis:
a statistical technique used to find clusters of related items.
68
Big five:
a trait theory concept suggesting that five most essential personality traits are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism; aka the five-factor model of personality.
69
Openness to experience:
a personality trait that is part of the big five that describes how much affection a person has for newness.
70
Conscientiousness:
a big five trait that describes how trustworthy a person might be.
71
Extroversion:
a trait that describes that an individual is energized nu the external world rather than by the internal world.
72
Agreeableness:
a personality trait that is part of the big five that describes how trusting a person is.
73
Neuroticism:
a personality trait that describes how emotional the person might be.
74
Theoretical approach to traits:
deriving traits from another theory of personality.
75
Lexical approach to traits:
an approach that uses language to determining the most important traits of personality.
76
Behaviorism:
the study of learning based on directly observable actions in the absence of mental processes.
77
Social cognitive perspective:
Social cognitive perspective: a personality theory that focuses on the interplay among traits, thoughts, and environmental contexts.
78
Observational learning:
acquiring a new behaviors by watching a model.
79
Model:
one who performs specific behaviors that other observe.
80
Reciprocal determinism:
Bandura's concept that suggest that behavior, environment, and thought ate interrelated.
81
Self-regulation:
the ability to control or adjust our own behavior.
82
Consistency paradox:
the idea that people believe that personality is stable, although research says that it is not.
83
Cognitive person variable:
individual traits that affect the way you see the world.
84
Self-concept:
the collection of all you pr beliefs about yourself.
85
Locus of control:
a cognitive person variable that summarizes your idea of the source of reinforcement and punishment.
86
Internal locus of control:
the idea that reinforcers and punishments are under your own control.
87
External locus of control:
the ideas that reinforcers and punishments are outside of your control.
88
Self-efficacy:
your perception about your ability to do a certain task.
89
Temperament:
according to the biological perspective, inborn biological traits.
90
Psychoticism:
a personality trait that describes how inflexible, creative, or reckless a person is.
91
Behavioral genetics:
an interdisciplinary field that examines the influence of heredity and environment on behavior.
92
Sociobiology:
a theory that your behavior and personality can be explained through the ideas of evolution.
93
Psychological test:
a measure used to assess or describe mental functioning.
94
Personality inventory:
a test used to measure an individual's patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
95
Graphology:
a technique in which handwriting I'd analyzed in order to describe personality.
96
Intrapsychic conflict:
differences between the desire of the iD, ego, and superego.
97
Projective test:
a personality instrument in the psychoanalytic perspective that uses interpretation of ambiguous stimuli to uncover unconscious conflicts.
98
Projective hypothesis:
a theory that suggests that reactions to a bios material reveal intrapsychic conflict.
99
Free association:
a psychoanalytic technique in which people will repost the first things that occur to them. Used to uncover unconscious conflicts.
100
Rorschach inkblot test:
a projective test in which someone's
101
Terror management theory:
a theory that suggests that because of our awareness of death, we battle anxiety by boosting our self-esteem and cultural connections.
102
Self-esteem:
your self-worth.
103
Collectivist culture:
a culture that places an emphasis on inter reliance rather than self-reliance.
104
Individualist culture:
a culture that places an emphasis on each person's rights rather than on the society.
105
Allocentrism:
a personality trait with an interreliant focus in which people tend to see themselves as part of a community.
106
Ideocentrism:
a personality trait with an interreliant focus.
107
Eclectic approach:
blending several theories together to explain or influence behavior.

Psyc 1 exam 2 chpt 12, 8, 9 ,13 (6 decks)

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