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Psyc 1 exam 2 chpt 12, 8, 9 ,13 > chapter 13 > Flashcards

chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Personality:

A

an individual’s pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior.

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2
Q

Disposition:

A

the way a person behaves across different situations as well as over time.

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3
Q

Personality theory:

A

a system used to describe and explain the genesis and
development of an individual’s pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior.

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4
Q

Psychoanalytic theories:

A

a family of theories originated by Freud that focuses on
unconscious motivation.

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5
Q

Psychoanalysis:

A

a type of therapy in which unconscious conflicts and motivation
are uncovered, explored, and redirected.

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6
Q

Catharsis:

A

a release if emotions.

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7
Q

Unconscious:

A

according to Freud, thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes that
reside outside of awareness.

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8
Q

Conscious mind:

A

according to Freud, a part of the mind that is aware of current
thoughts and experiences.

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9
Q

Preconscious:

A

according to Freud, the part of your mind that contains materials just outside of awareness that is easy to pull into awareness.

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10
Q

iD:

A

according to Freud, the part of the personality that operates on the pleasure
principle, always looking to reduce tension that comes from basic physiological
drives.

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11
Q

Pleasure principle:

A

according to Freud, the drive to reduce tension.

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12
Q

Eros:

A

an iD instinct that reduces tension associated with basic biological drives.

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13
Q

Libido:

A

according to Freud, the energy linked with sexuality.

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14
Q

Thanatos:

A

according to Freud, ways in which we reduce tensions that are
aggressive and destructive; aka the death instinct

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15
Q

Ego:

A

according to Freud, the part of the personality responsible for interacting
with conscious reality.

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16
Q

Reality principle:

A

according to Freud, the main focus of the ego that suggests that the ego will defer pleasure until reasonable way to satisfy iD instincts is available.

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17
Q

Superego:

A

according to Freud, the part of the personality governed by the
perfection principle.

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18
Q

Perfection principle:

A

the image of their perfect person, or ego, that inspires the
superego; aka as the ego ideal

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19
Q

Psychosexual stages:

A

according to Freud, childhood developmental stages in which tension reduction is focused on different areas of the body (oral, anal, phallic, lantency, genital)

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20
Q

Oedipal complex:

A

according to Freud, a boy’s unconscious desire for his mother
that results in identification with his father.

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21
Q

Fixation:

A

according to Freud, a habit of obtaining tension reduction from an earlier stage if psychosexual development.

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22
Q

Defense mechanism:

A

according to The psychoanalytic perspective, a compromise that the ego uses to satisfy and iD instinct indirectly.

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23
Q

Neo-Freudian:

A

psychoanalytic theories inspired by sigmoid Freud.

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24
Q

Personal unconscious:

A

according to Jung, the part of one’s personality that stores material currently outside of awareness.

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25
Q

Collective unconscious:

A

according to Jung, the part of their personality that stores
shared experiences and ideas from previous generations

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26
Q

Archetypes:

A

according to Jung, a universal thought form that exists in the
collective unconscious.

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27
Q

Great mother:

A

an archetype described by Jung that symbolizes a person or thing that provides nurture without wanting anything in return.

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28
Q

Shadow:

A

an archetype described by Jung that represents the worst possible
version of a person.

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29
Q

Persona:

A

an archetype that represents the public self.

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30
Q

Hero:

A

an archetype that represents someone who saves the day.

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31
Q

Wise old man:

A

an archetype that represents wisdom.

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32
Q

Trickster:

A

an archetype that represents someone who pretends to be something
that he or she is not.

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33
Q

Principle of opposites:

A

according to Jung, the theory that every wish alsow
represents the opposite of the same with.

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34
Q

Principle of equivalence:

A

according to Jung, the energy devoted to do one thing will be equality devoted to the opposite activity.

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35
Q

Principle of entropy:

A

Jung’s theory that opposites ten to come together over time.

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36
Q

Transcendence:

A

according to Jung, the process of resolving the dichotomy of who we are as people.

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37
Q

Introvert:

A

a personality type that prefers the internal world to external world; aka as introversion.

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38
Q

Extrovert:

A

a personality type that prefers the external world; aka extroversion.

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39
Q

Striving for superiority:

A

according to Adler, an attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority by being a better person; aka compensation..

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40
Q

Inferiority:

A

according to Adler, feeling of inadequacy; aka organ inferiority.

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41
Q

Lifestyle:

A

according to Adler, the way in which you strive for superiority in Oder to make up for feelings of inferiority.

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42
Q

Unhealthy(mistaken) lifestyle:

A

Adler’s description of those who strive for superiority by competing with others.

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43
Q

Healthy lifestyle:

A

according to Adler, attempt to compensate for feelings of inferiority in a socially useful way.

44
Q

Principle of falsifiability:

A

the notion that a theory must be able to be disproved in order to be testable and scientific.

45
Q

Actualizing tendency:

A

according to the humanists, the instinctual despite to be the best version of yourself possible.

46
Q

Self-actualization:

A

the motivation to be the best version of yourself possible.

47
Q

Humanism:

A

a theoretical orientation that emphasizes growth, potential, and self-actualization; aka as the phenomenological approach.

48
Q

Self:

A

a person’s awareness of his of her own characteristics.

49
Q

Humanistic psychology:

A

a family of personality theories that emphasize human growth, potential, and self-actualization.

50
Q

Positive regard:

A

a communication of love and respect.

51
Q

Positive self-regard:

A

respect for your own decisions.

52
Q

Unconditional positive regard:

A

Unconditional positive regard: according to Rogers, a sense of respect and love that is not linked to specific behaviors.

53
Q

Conditional positive regard:

A

according to Rogers, the idea that respect comes only when certain circumstances are met.

54
Q

Real self:

A

according to Rogers, your internal idea of who you should be.

55
Q

Self-image:

A

how you see yourself.

56
Q

Ideal self:

A

according to Rogers, a version of yourself that could please other people.

57
Q

Incongruency:

A

according to Rogers, the difference between your ideal self and your actual self.

58
Q

Fully functioning person:

A

according to Jung, a person who has a developed real self.

59
Q

Hierarchy of needs:

A

according to Maslow, the order of importance of motivations, from bias physiological needs to self-fulfillment needs.

60
Q

D(deficit) needs:

A

according to Maslow, needs other than self-actualization needs.

61
Q

B(being) needs:

A

according to Maslow, self-actualization needs.

62
Q

Peak experience:

A

according to Maslow, “transient moments of self-actualization” that are associated with feelings of harmony, interconnectedness, and joy.

63
Q

Trait:

A

a stable characteristic of behavior.

64
Q

Trait theory:

A

a theory of personality that focuses on identifying and measuring characteristics of behavior.

65
Q

Surface trait:

A

an enduring behavior that is easily observed.

66
Q

Source trait:

A

a universal, enduring behavioral characteristic.

67
Q

Factor analysis:

A

a statistical technique used to find clusters of related items.

68
Q

Big five:

A

a trait theory concept suggesting that five most essential personality traits are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism; aka the five-factor model of personality.

69
Q

Openness to experience:

A

a personality trait that is part of the big five that describes how much affection a person has for newness.

70
Q

Conscientiousness:

A

a big five trait that describes how trustworthy a person might be.

71
Q

Extroversion:

A

a trait that describes that an individual is energized nu the external world rather than by the internal world.

72
Q

Agreeableness:

A

a personality trait that is part of the big five that describes how trusting a person is.

73
Q

Neuroticism:

A

a personality trait that describes how emotional the person might be.

74
Q

Theoretical approach to traits:

A

deriving traits from another theory of personality.

75
Q

Lexical approach to traits:

A

an approach that uses language to determining the most important traits of personality.

76
Q

Behaviorism:

A

the study of learning based on directly observable actions in the absence of mental processes.

77
Q

Social cognitive perspective:

A

Social cognitive perspective: a personality theory that focuses on the interplay among traits, thoughts, and environmental contexts.

78
Q

Observational learning:

A

acquiring a new behaviors by watching a model.

79
Q

Model:

A

one who performs specific behaviors that other observe.

80
Q

Reciprocal determinism:

A

Bandura’s concept that suggest that behavior, environment, and thought ate interrelated.

81
Q

Self-regulation:

A

the ability to control or adjust our own behavior.

82
Q

Consistency paradox:

A

the idea that people believe that personality is stable, although research says that it is not.

83
Q

Cognitive person variable:

A

individual traits that affect the way you see the world.

84
Q

Self-concept:

A

the collection of all you pr beliefs about yourself.

85
Q

Locus of control:

A

a cognitive person variable that summarizes your idea of the source of reinforcement and punishment.

86
Q

Internal locus of control:

A

the idea that reinforcers and punishments are under your own control.

87
Q

External locus of control:

A

the ideas that reinforcers and punishments are outside of your control.

88
Q

Self-efficacy:

A

your perception about your ability to do a certain task.

89
Q

Temperament:

A

according to the biological perspective, inborn biological traits.

90
Q

Psychoticism:

A

a personality trait that describes how inflexible, creative, or reckless a person is.

91
Q

Behavioral genetics:

A

an interdisciplinary field that examines the influence of heredity and environment on behavior.

92
Q

Sociobiology:

A

a theory that your behavior and personality can be explained through the ideas of evolution.

93
Q

Psychological test:

A

a measure used to assess or describe mental functioning.

94
Q

Personality inventory:

A

a test used to measure an individual’s patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

95
Q

Graphology:

A

a technique in which handwriting I’d analyzed in order to describe personality.

96
Q

Intrapsychic conflict:

A

differences between the desire of the iD, ego, and superego.

97
Q

Projective test:

A

a personality instrument in the psychoanalytic perspective that uses interpretation of ambiguous stimuli to uncover unconscious conflicts.

98
Q

Projective hypothesis:

A

a theory that suggests that reactions to a bios material reveal intrapsychic conflict.

99
Q

Free association:

A

a psychoanalytic technique in which people will repost the first things that occur to them. Used to uncover unconscious conflicts.

100
Q

Rorschach inkblot test:

A

a projective test in which someone’s

101
Q

Terror management theory:

A

a theory that suggests that because of our awareness
of death, we battle anxiety by boosting our self-esteem and cultural connections.

102
Q

Self-esteem:

A

your self-worth.

103
Q

Collectivist culture:

A

a culture that places an emphasis on inter reliance rather
than self-reliance.

104
Q

Individualist culture:

A

a culture that places an emphasis on each person’s rights rather than on the society.

105
Q

Allocentrism:

A

a personality trait with an interreliant focus in which people tend to see themselves as part of a community.

106
Q

Ideocentrism:

A

a personality trait with an interreliant focus.

107
Q

Eclectic approach:

A

blending several theories together to explain or influence
behavior.

Psyc 1 exam 2 chpt 12, 8, 9 ,13 (6 decks)

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