Chapter 13

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

An action or cue given as information that alters the behavior of the receiver.

Question 2

Communication can…

Answer 2

1. occur with or without knowing
2. benefit one or the other or both
3. can be received by unintentional receivers

Question 3

Mammals and snakes often use ____ signals

Answer 3

odor and sound

Question 4

Frogs, reptiles, and birds often use ____ signals

Answer 4

sounds and colors

Question 5

Fish in photic zones often use _____ signals while fish in aphotic zones use _____ signals

Answer 5

Colors
Light

Question 6

Insects and spiders use ______ signals

Answer 6

vision, vibration, odors

Question 7

Self reporting animal signals

Answer 7

signals property of signaler

Question 8

Other reporting animal signals

Answer 8

signaler sends signals to someone else

Question 9

Function of animal signals

Answer 9

To increase inclusive fitness of signaler
getting food
reduce attack
getting a mate
helping relative

Question 10

Efficacy

Answer 10

cost of making a signal clear to receiver
energy cost, vulnerability

Question 11

Handicap principle (Zahavi)

Answer 11

reliable signals must be costly bc only high quality individuals can afford the cost

Question 12

Signalers send signals and receivers adjust behavior both for….

Answer 12

their own benefit

Question 13

Honest signals

Answer 13

signals that convey accurate information
sender and intended receiver benefit

Question 14

Honest signals in cliff swallows (Brown)

Answer 14

send out squeaks to conspecifics (same) for a new patch, encourages group foraging

Question 15

Karl Von Frich bee study

Answer 15

female workers do a wiggle dance to communicate to others where a food source is located

Question 16

Waggle dance provides information about….

Answer 16

direction of food source by angle of dance to the ground
and distance of food source by length of waggle

Question 17

Vervet monkeys produce multiple calls based on the threat

Answer 17

cough=aerial
bark=ground
chutter=ground or tree

Question 18

Woodpeckers produce warning calls of predators to

Answer 18

the opposite sex, mate investment

Question 19

Ideal signals

Answer 19

normally come from individuals with ideal characteristics

Question 20

Dishonest signals

Answer 20

Only benefit signaler used to deceive receiver
Take advantage of a beneficial response
selection favors ignoring dishonest signals

Question 21

Dishonest signals in mating behavior

Answer 21

fireflies mimic the flash pattern to draw in male lightening bugs and they eat them

Question 22

Shrikes give alarm calls to warn of predators…

Answer 22

Birds hide and shrikes eat the bugs they flushed out

Question 23

Male barn swallows give fake alarm signals to

Answer 23

disrupt epc mating or distract females so they can mate with them

Question 24

Cheney Vervent monkey study

Answer 24

less dominant males send alarm calls when they encounter a new troop, the troop runs off and the male avoids conflict

Question 25

Mourning cuttle fish

Answer 25

present one side as male color and one side as female color to prevent rivals from courting the female

Question 26

Hare and atkins study proved

Answer 26

habituation as you are exposed to something with no threat, you begin to ignore it

Question 27

Origin and modification of signals

Answer 27

simple movements become informative selection favors reactors who anticipate this behavior from the signaler

Question 28

signals become modified to improve their

Answer 28

effectiveness and clarity

Question 29

Ritualization

Answer 29

signalers movements become stereotyped and reduces ambiguity

Question 30

Agnostic interactions

Answer 30

competitive behavior that starts small and grows as neither gives up