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Advanced Chemistry > Chapter 13-14: Solution Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 13-14: Solution Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

Define heterogenous mixture and give an example

A

Greater than 2 or more clearly different components( greater than two or more phases)
Chex mix

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1
Q

Define a solution

A

A mixture of things not a reaction

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2
Q

Describe the size of particles in a heterogenous mixture

A

Size and have vary and are not uniform

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3
Q

Define a homogenous mixture an give an example

A

2 or more different substances in a single phase (distributed evenly)
Ex: Kool aid mix and water

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4
Q

Describe the composition of the participles in a homogenous mixture

A

Uniform particles

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5
Q

Define a homogenous solution

A

A homogenous mix of 2 or more substances in a single phase

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6
Q

Describe the three types of particles in a homogenous solution and describe their size

A

Atoms ions molecules

.01-1 nm

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7
Q

How many parts does a solution have?

A

Two: solvent and solute

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8
Q

Define a solvent and give an example

A

Present in greater amounts,
Dissolves the solute
Water

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9
Q

Define a solute an give an example

A

Lesser amounts, is being dissolved

Kool aid

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10
Q

Describe types of soln and give dime examples

A

Any solid liquid or gas dissolve in any other solid liquid or gas
Gas in gas- air
Gas in liquid- pop
Solid in liquid- sugar in water
Solid in solid - cu in sn( bronze) “alloy”

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11
Q

Define a suspension mixture and give an example

A

When particles of a solid are too large to dissolve and settle( heterogeneous)
Muddy h2o

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12
Q

What us another phrase for a suspension?

A

Soln wannabe

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13
Q

Describe the particle size in a suspension

A

1000nm +

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14
Q

Define a colloid mixture and give an example

A

When particles in a soln are too large to dissolve but too small to settle
Jello

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15
Q

Describe te particle size in a colloid

A

1-1000nm

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16
Q

Describe the solvent and solute in a colloid

A

Not a solvent but a “dispersing medium”

Not a solute but “dispersing phase”

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17
Q

Give 5 examples of colloids

A 
Mayo- oil in water with egg yolk
Smoke - solid dispersed in gas
Fog- liq dispersed in a gas 
Smog - liq and solid in a gas
Gel- solid in a liq (jello)
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18
Q

What is the Tyndall effect use for?

A

Aided to determine the difference between a colloid and a true soln

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19
Q

Describe electrolytes and gVe an example (what bond)

A

Dissolve in a soln to yield ions and will support electric current; usually ironically bonded
NaCl

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20
Q

Describe non e lytes and give an example (bond?)

A

Dissolve in soln but will not support electric current; covalent bond
Sugar

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21
Q

Why are acids an exception to non e lytes and why does this occur

A

Acids are covalent bonded but when they are in water soln they ionize and support current
Occurs because twt are very polar molecules

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22
Q

Why won’t pure water conduct electricity

A

B/c only 2 molecules out of every billion ionize

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23
Q

Why does tap water conduct electricity

A

Due to the ions present

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24
Q

Describe the amount if charges and particles in an ionic soln

A

There is always an equal number of charges present but not necessarily equal particles

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25
Q

What 3 factors affect the rate of dissolution?

A

Increase the surface area
Agitation
Change temp of solvent

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26
Q

Describe the effect temp on a soln

A

Increase in t will make collisions between solute abs solvent to be more energetic and frequent
Rate increases
But some solutes dissolve better in cold solvent

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27
Q

Define a saturated solvent

A

One that can not dissolve any more solute for its temp and volume

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28
Q

What’s another name for a saturated soln and why?

A

A soln @ equilibrium

No more dissolving/re crystallizing

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29
Q

Define unsaturated soln

A

One that’s still able to dissolve more solute

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30
Q

Define a supersaturated soln

A

One that has been forced to dissolve more solute than it should for a given temp and volume

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31
Q

How is supersaturation achieved

A

By heating

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32
Q

Why isn’t supersaturated at equilibrium

A

Some is always dissolving/re crystallizing

33
Q

What is another name for a solvent-solute interaction

A

Like dissolve like

34
Q

What is the ss interaction used for

A

To predict whether one substance will dissolve in another

35
Q

What is ss interaction based on and give a couple examples

A

Similarity of bonds, polarity, and intermolecular forces
Temper tats
Alcohol/ ink
Grass and blood stains

36
Q

What happens when polar water is added to an ionic soln

A

Causes it to undergo dissociation

37
Q

What is dissociation

A

The seperate on of ions in a soln

38
Q

What is the result if dissociation? How the equation

A

A sphere of solvation

NaCl + H2O > Na+(ag) + Cl-(aq)

39
Q

Draw the sphere of solvation

A

Drawing

40
Q

When will the solvation spheres stop forming

A

Until all ions are hydrated

41
Q

What happens to the ions if the solvent is not water

A

Ions become saturated but hydrated

42
Q

Describe non polar solvents and give a few examples

A

They dissolve fats, oils abs grease
Nail polish
Benzene
Gas

43
Q

Define miscible abs give examples

A

2 or more mutually soluble liquids
Water&vinegar
Milk and coffee

44
Q

Define im miscible and give a few examples

A

2 or more mutually insolvable liquids
Oil water
Oil vinegar

45
Q

In what soln will there be effects of p

A

Gas dissolved in a liquid

46
Q

Define Henry’s law abs give an example

A

The solubility of a gas in a liquid increases w/ increasing p abs decrease w/ decreasing p
CO2 dissolved in flavored water to make pop under 5-10 ATM p

47
Q

Define effervescence

A

The escape if gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved

Hiss as a can is opened

48
Q

Give an example of the effects of T on solubility

A

Gas in liquid- increase t causes decrease in solubility

Solid in liquid- hard to predict. For done an increase in t usually increases solubility but for some the opposite

49
Q

Give two def for the gear if solns

A

1 the heat released or absorbed as a soln forms

2 the difference between the heat if a soln and the heat if it’s individual parts

50
Q

What is the result when hear NRG is released from a soln?

A

Feel hot called Exothermic

51
Q

Result when NRG is absorbed by a son

A

Feels cold called endothermic

52
Q

What us the first event to occur when a solid dissolved in a liquid?

A

Solute particles begun to seperate from mass if solute

53
Q

Describe what us happening to the NRG and temp in the first event

A

NRG is absorbed

54
Q

What occurs in the 2nd even abs describe the NRG and T

A

Solvent particles move apart and allow solute particles to enter the liquid environment
NRG is absorbed

55
Q

What occurs in the 3rd event abs describe the NRG and T

A

Solvent particles surround the solute particles (solvation or hydration)
NRG released

56
Q

What is the result when the

A

Net change is exo

57
Q

Define concentration and give a example

A

Refers to the amount if solute in a given quantity of solvent
1g NaCl in 1L H2O is dilute
100g in 1L is concentrated

58
Q

What is the symbol for concentration

A

[ ]

59
Q

What are the abbreviations for dilute and concentration

A

Dil

Con

60
Q

Define molarity and what is it concerned with?

A

Mols of solute / L of soln

Concerned with soln volume as shown by Liters

61
Q

How do you prep a molar soln?

A

Add 1/2 needed amount of solvent to grad
Dissolve needed amount of solute
Fill grad to prop level

62
Q

What is the equation for molarity?

A

Mols solute/liters of soln

63
Q

What is the formula for molality and what is it concerned with?

A

Mols of solute / kg solvent

Concerned with mass of soln

64
Q

How do you prepare a molal soln?

A

Add total amount of solvent to grad

Add proper amount of solute and dissolve

65
Q

Describe colligate properties of soln

A

Depend in the number of solute particles in a soln not on what the particles are

66
Q

What are the colligate properties based on?

A

Molal solns

67
Q

Describe vpd in terms of the soln vp and the pure solvent vp

A

Soln vp < pure solvent vp

68
Q

Why are the solvent molecules not available to exert pressure?

A

They are hydrating the other molecules so are not a ale to exert p

69
Q

What’s another name for osomotic pressure depression?

A

Diffusion of H2O

70
Q

How is osomotic p d similar to VPD

A

Greater for pure h2o than soln made with h2o for the same reason as vpd
The water molecules are involved in hydration so not available to diffuse

71
Q

Decribe the frpt dep in terms of temperature

A

A soln with freeze at a lower t than the pure solvent from which is was made

72
Q

What is the equation to find freezing pint

A

Change in temp of freezing point = Molal*kf

73
Q

Describe boiling point depression

A

A soln will boil at a high temperature than the pure solvent from which is was made

74
Q

Write bp equation

A

Change T= molal*kb

75
Q

What are kf and kb called

A

Kf=molal freezing point constant (1.86)

Kb=molal boiling point constant

76
Q

What does changeTF equal

A

Fr pt dep equal to the diff btw frpt of pure water solvent an that of a solution made with that solvent

77
Q

What is changeTB equal to

A

Boiling point elevation the diff in the boiling poit of the pure solvent and the solution made with that solvent

78
Q

What is the equation for molar mass

A

Molar mass of solute = (kf)(mass solute)/(changeTF)(kg solvent)

79
Q

How do elytes and non elytes effect colligate prop and why

A

They effect it differently because there are more particles in the elytes because they ionize

80
Q

What do colligate properties depend on?

A

On the number of particles in soln

Advanced Chemistry (8 decks)

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