Chapter 10: Gas Laws

Question 0

What is KMT based on?

Answer 0

The concepts that all particles of matter are in constant motion how particles move

Question 1

What does KMT explain?

Answer 1

The properties of solids, liquids and gases in terms of their kinetic energy ad the forces which act upon them

Question 2

According to KMT, what are gases made of?

Answer 2

Large number of tiny particles that are far apart, relative to their size

Question 3

”” what motion are gas particles in? 3

Answer 3

Constant rapid and random motion

Question 4

”” how do gas interact with eachother?

Answer 4

Gas particles do not attract or repel each other they Only collide and bounce off each other.

Question 5

”” what does the KE of gas molecules depend on?

Answer 5

On their Temperature. Hot gases move faster, cold slower

Question 6

What do gas particles collide with?

Answer 6

Eachother and the walls of their containers, experiencing “elastic collision”

Question 7

Define elastic collisions

Answer 7

Collision in which there is no less of KE. The NRG lost by the striking particles is Gaines entirely by the particle that is hit or by the wall of the container holding the gas

Question 8

Describe the shape and volume of gas

Answer 8

Gases have no shape or volume. They take shape and volume of whatever container they are in

Question 9

Why do gases take on shape and volume of their container,

Answer 9

Because they have no shape or volume

Question 10

Why do gases flow?

Answer 10

There attractive forces between the particles are insignificant

Question 11

Why do liquids flow?

Answer 11

Their attractive forces are weak

Question 12

Why don’t solids flow?

Answer 12

Their attractive forces are strong

Question 13

Compare the density of gases to liquids and solids

Answer 13

Density of solids and liquids are 1000 tomes more dense than gas

Question 14

Why can gases be compressed?

Answer 14

Their particles are far apart

Question 15

Why can we fit a lot of gas in a small container ?

Answer 15

Because their particles are far apart and compressing them I my forces them together closer

Question 16

Define deffusion

Answer 16

The mixing of gases caused by their random motion

Question 17

When is diffusion faster? 2

Answer 17

At high Temp. And with smaller particles

Question 18

Define effusion

Answer 18

The escape if a gas under high P through a small opening

Question 19

Define ideal gas

Answer 19

An imaginary gas that conforms to all assumptions of KMT

Question 20

Define a real gas

Answer 20

One that doesn’t conform to KMT

Question 21

When is the behavior of a real gas especially noticeable ? 2

Answer 21

Very high temperature and very low temperature

Question 22

Define pressure

Answer 22

Force per unit area on a surface

Question 23

Name the 4 units of pressure, abbreviations and standard values

Answer 23

1 ATM 760 mm Hg 101.325 ( Kilopascals) kPa 760 (Torricelli) Torrs

Question 24

What is STP

Answer 24

Standard temperature and pressure

Question 25

What is STP equal to

Answer 25

0 degrees Celsius or 273 K

Question 26

What is STP used for

Answer 26

Comparison between/among gases

Question 27

State Boyles law

Answer 27

A volume of gases varies inversely with its pressure IFF Temperature is constant

Question 28

What is the formula for Boyles law and define the variables

Answer 28

PV=P’V’ P is the original pressure on a volume of gas and P’ is changed pressure and V is a volume of gas and V’ is a changed volume resulting from a change in pressure

Question 29

When does Boyles law not hold true

Answer 29

Very high pressures

Question 30

Why doesn’t Boyles law hold true?

Answer 30

In Theory if the pressure was high enough Volume could equal 0

Question 31

Why was the Kelvin temperature scale developed?

Answer 31

To avoid negative numbers in calculations

Question 32

What is the value of absolute zero in degrees Celsius?

Answer 32

-273

Question 33

What happens to matter at Absolute zero?

Answer 33

It becomes so cold it can’t really be attained

Question 34

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 34

Add 273 to the measured temperature in degrees Celsius

Question 35

State Charles law

Answer 35

The volume of a gas varies directly with the Kelvin temperature IFF P is constant

Question 36

State the formula and define the variables for Charles law

Answer 36

V/T=V’/T’

Where V and T are the originals an V’ and T’ are the changed

Question 37

When does Charles law not hold true?

Answer 37

Very low temperatures

Question 38

Why does Charles law not good true at very low temperatures?

Answer 38

In theory as temperature decreases to a certain point V could be zero

Question 39

State Gay-Lussacs law

Answer 39

The pressure exerted by a gas varies directly with Kelvin IFF V is constant

Question 40

State the formula and define the variables for gay Lussacs law

Answer 40

P/T=P’/T’

Where P and T are originals and the others are changed

Question 41

What is the formula for combine gas laws and define the variables

Answer 41

V’/V= P/P’xT’/T

Exists cause V P T all change at the same time

Question 42

What did Dalton study?

Answer 42

Mixtures of gases

Question 43

What is partial pressure?

Answer 43

The pressure exerted by each force in a mixture

Question 44

State Daltans law

Answer 44

The total pressure exerted by a mix of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure if each gas in the mixture

Question 45

What is the formula and define variables for Daltans law

Answer 45

P(total)= PP(gas1) + PP(gas2)….

Question 46

How do you recognize a Daltans correction?

Answer 46

By water displacement or over water

Question 47

Explain the partial pressure of water vapor

Answer 47

Some water vapors enter the bubbles as they pass through the water

Question 48

How do you correct the collection pressure?

Answer 48

PP of water must be subtracted from the collection pressure for accurate results