Chapter 13 Flashcards
What is the process that results in formation of haploid gametes (egg and sperm)?
Define fertilization.
What does a karyotype show?
What are the sex chromosomes in humans? What codes for female? What codes for male?
What are the chromosomes that code for traits other than sex determination called?
What are chromosomes of the same type (homologs that code for the same genes, however versions of the genes may differ) called?
Define gene.
Define haploid and diploid, and include their symbols.
What is the vocabulary for an organism with three or more versions of each type of
chromosome?
What is the overall result of meiosis?
After replication has occurred in the parent cell, how many chromosomes are there total?
What is the difference between the results of meiosis I and meiosis II?
Define gametogenesis.
Does a zygote undergo meiosis or mitosis?
List the five phases of meiosis I, in order.
Define when the homolog pairs come together in a pairing process. In what stage does this occur?
Name the structure that results from synapsis.
Are the chromatids between the paternal and maternal chromosomes identical?
What is the network of proteins that holds non-sister chromatids together along their entire length?
During which phase does crossing over occur? Explain crossing over.
Summarize metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I.
Summarize the results of meiosis I.
List the four phases of meiosis II, in order.
Summarize the four stages of meiosis II.
Summarize the results of meiosis II.
What are the three ways that genetic variation can occur in sexual reproduction?
Are the offspring from asexual reproduction genetically variable?
What is the most significant result of sexual reproduction? (Hint: Asexual reproduction severely lacks this and suffers greatly!)
Define nondisjunction. What is the result?
Define when a gamete lacks a chromosome.
Define when a gamete has an extra copy of a chromosome.
What is an important factor correlated with the frequency of trisomy 21?
