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Bio 1210 CPP > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Do cells spontaneously appear, or do they arise through preexisting cells?

A

Preexisting cells

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2
Q

What is cell division that results in asexual reproduction in bacteria called?

A

binary fission

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3
Q

What is the circular DNA in prokaryotes called specifically?

A

Nucleoid

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4
Q

What are the two types of cell division found in eukaryotes? Explain both.

A

1) Meiosis- produces genetically different gametes (eggs and sperm) that are haploids
2) Mitosis- produces all other cell types referred to as somatic cells

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5
Q

What is mitosis (and cytokinesis) significant for? (Hint: There are 3 major functions.)

A

Growth, Replace damaged cells, Asexual reproduction.

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6
Q

How is DNA packaged in chromosomes?

A

DNA wraps around his tone proteins and packaged as chromosomes.

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7
Q

Define chromatid.

A

Each of the DNA copies in a replicated chromosome

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8
Q

Define sister chromatids.

A

Chromatids from the same chromosome

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9
Q

What is the structure where sister chromatids join together called?

A

Centromere

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10
Q

How many chromosomes are there when there are 2 sister chromatids? (Hint: Chromosome looks like an X in shape.)

A

1 chromosome 46

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11
Q

Define chromatin.

A

The material that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes, consists of a DNA molecule complexed with his tone proteins

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12
Q

Define kinetochore.

A

The structures on sister chromatids where microtubules attach

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13
Q

What is the microtubule-organizing center called?

A

Centrosome

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14
Q

What are the cylindrical structures that make microtubules called?

A

Centioles

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15
Q

What are the two phases of the cell cycle? Explain both.

A
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16
Q

Explain what occurs during the G1 phase.

A
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17
Q

Explain what occurs during the S phase.

A
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18
Q

Explain what occurs during the G2 phase.

A
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19
Q

Name the phase that nondividing cells stay in. Give an example of a cell type that is in this stage.

A
20
Q

What criteria must the cell meet to pass the G1 checkpoint?

A
21
Q

What criteria must the cell meet to pass the G2 checkpoint?

A
22
Q

What criteria must the cell meet to pass the M-phase checkpoints?

A
23
Q

What induces mitosis in all eukaryotes? (Hint: It is found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.)

A
24
Q

What are the two subunits that comprise MPF? Explain both.

A
25
Q

Does Cdk’s concentration change? Does cyclin’s concentration change?

A
26
Q

When is Cdk considered active?

A
27
Q

If Cdk has ONE phosphate attached it is: active/inactive? If Cdk has TWO phosphates attached it is :active/inactive?

A
28
Q

Once MPF is activated, mitosis is triggered by? (Hint: There are 2 points to the answer.)

A
29
Q

List the five sub phases in mitosis, in order.

A
30
Q

Summarize what occurs in prophase.

A
31
Q

What are microtubules composed of?

A
32
Q

What is the function of microtubules?

A
33
Q

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prometaphase?

A
34
Q

What do the microtubules do during prometaphase? Where do they attach specifically?

A
35
Q

Summarize what occurs in metaphase.

A
36
Q

The imaginary plane formed by metaphase is called the _________ ?

A
37
Q

How is it that the sister chromatids separate in anaphase?

A
38
Q

Where does depolymerization occur? The + or - end of the kinetochore microtubule?

A
39
Q

Summarize the events of telophase.

A
40
Q

Define cytokinesis.

A
41
Q

What creates the cell plate found in plants?

A
42
Q

What are the filaments called that cause a pinch in the cell membrane? What is this pinch called? (Hint: This “pinch” occurs in animals.)

A
43
Q

What is the tumor suppressor protein? And what does it do?

A
44
Q

Uncontrollable division of one or more cells in a multicellular organism leads to ______?

A
45
Q

What are the two types of defects that cancerous cells can have?

A
46
Q

Compare the difference between benign tumors and malignant tumors.

A
47
Q

What occurs during metastasis?

A

Bio 1210 CPP (8 decks)

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