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Introduction to Yoga & Yogic practices > Chapter 1.3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1.3 Flashcards

Shad Darshanas

1
Q

Darshana

A

A systematic view on a particular subject matter is called Darshana. Also referred to as philosophy, or vision on a subject matter.

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2
Q

Two branches of Indian Philosophy

A
  1. Aastika Darshana - Philosophy accept the authority of Vedas
  2. Nastika Darshana - Philosophy does not accept the authority of Vedas
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3
Q

Aastika Darshana and their originators

A

Compromises of 6 philosophy, hence called Shad Darshanas:
Nyaya - Sage Gautama
Vaiseshika - Sage Kanada
Samkhya - Sage Kapila
Yoga - Sage Patanjali
Purva Mimamsa - Sage Jaimini
Uttara Mimamsa / Vedanta - Sage Bhadarayana or Ved Vyasa

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4
Q

Nastika Darshanas

A 
Carvaka
Jainism
Vaibhasika Buddhism
Sautrantika Buddhism
Yogacara Buddhism
Madhyamika Buddhism
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5
Q

7 points that a Darshana should have discussed, to be conisdered a philosophy

A
  1. JIVA SWARUPAM - What is the nature of Jiva?
  2. JAGAT SWARUPAM - What is the nature of Jagat?
  3. ISHWARA - Who/What is Lord/God?
  4. BANDHA - What is the nature of bondage, or reason for human suffering?
  5. BANDHA-HETU - What is the cause for the bondage?
  6. MOKSHA - What is the nature of freedom from bondage/suffering?
  7. MOKSHA SADHANAM - What is the means for Moksha?
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6
Q

Nyaya Darshana

A

Concerned wiith rules of logic
Theistic and pluralistic philosophy
God creates universe from atoms and that due deserts are provided to souls (based on their karma), to acquire knowledge on human life

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7
Q

Vaiseshika Darshana

A

Follows Nyaya system closely
Recognises 7 Padarthas (category/principles) - substance, quality, action, generality, particularity, relation of inherence & non-existence
Know for atomic theory of evolution & for handling of particulars
Goal of life is to become free from Karma, by renouncing wordly desires & attain liberation by true knowledge

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8
Q

Samkhya Darshana : 25 categories/principles

A
  1. Panchkarmendriyas (5 organs of action) - Hands, legs, genitals, anus, mouth - Responders to external world
  2. Panchgyanendriyas (5 organs of perception) - Eyes, nose, ears, skin, tongue - Receivers of external world
    Refers to the capacity/ability and not physical organ
  3. Sukshama mahabhutas (5 Subtle elements) - Space, air, fire, water, earth - These are not gross and not perceptable.
  4. Sthula mahabhutas (5 gross elements) - Space, air, fire, water, earth - These are available in forms of objects
  5. Manas
  6. Ahamkara - Ego - Formas all the sukshma mahabhutas
  7. Mahatatva - Cosmic intellect
  8. Prakriti - Fundamental principle matter compromised of three gunas - Sattva, Rajas & Tamas
  9. Purusha - Pure consciousness, also called atma
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9
Q

Samkhya Darshana: Trigunatmika

A
  1. Sattvaguna - Associated with qualities like happiness, pleasure, compassion, being good, illuminating & constructive.
  2. Rajoguna - Associated with qualities like pain, suffering, chaos and impulseness.
  3. Tamoguna - Associated with qualities like inactivity, lethargy, darkness, ignorance, destruction & negativity
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10
Q

Samkhya Darshana: Dualistic philosophy

A

Two metaphysical principles - Purusha & Prakriti

All 23 categories (except Purusha) are made from Prakriti

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11
Q

Samkhya Darshana: Pramana

Valid means of acquring knowledge

A
  1. Pratyaksha - Direct Perception
  2. Anumana - Inference
  3. Shabda - Verbal testimony
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12
Q

Samkhya Darshana: 7 points discussed

A
  1. JIVA SWARUPAM - Purusha, but due to ignorance thinks himself Akarta or Bhogata
  2. JAGAT SWARUPAM - World is product of Prakriti
  3. ISHWARA - Not required
  4. BANDHA - Due to non-discimination between Purusha & Prakriti, cycle of birth & death
  5. BANDHA-HETU - Non-discrimination (Aviveka)
  6. MOKSHA Being free from suffering. Purusha being Purusha only. Kaivalya - freedom from birth-life-death-rebirth cycle.
  7. MOKSHA SADHANAM - Discrimination (Viveka) is cause for the bondage
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13
Q

Yoga Darshana vs Samkhya Darshana

A
  1. Iswara is accepted and recognised in Yoga Darshana, but not in Samkhaya Darshana
  2. Samkhaya is more vicarapradhana (thinking & analysing), but Yoga is nore anuthanapradhana or sadhanapradhana (practice)
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14
Q

Samkhya Darshana: 3 sources of pain/sufferings

A
  1. Aadhyatmic (intra-organic or from one’s own body & mind) - Eg: Physical grief caused by imbalance of vata, pitta, kapha. Mental grief caused by desires, rage, jealousy, hatred, love like passion
  2. Adhibhautic (extra-organic or from outside oneself but from the natural world). Eg: Griefs caused by other animal
  3. Adhidivika (extra-organic but from supernatural world). Eg: floods, earthquakes, abnormal disasters.
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15
Q

Yoga Darshana : represented by Yoga Sutras

A

4 chapters/Pada (195 Sutras):

  1. Samadhi Pada : 51 sutras
  2. Sadhana Pasa : 55 sutras
  3. Vibhuti Pada : 55 sutras
  4. Kaivalya Pada : 34 sutras
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16
Q

Yoga Darshana : Ashtanga Yoga

A
  1. Yama - Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha
  2. Niyama - Shaucha, Santosha, Tapa, Swadhyaya, Iswarapranidhana
  3. Asana
  4. Pranayama
  5. Pratyahara
  6. Dharana
  7. Dhyana
  8. Samadhi
17
Q

Purva Mimamsa Darshana

A

Philosophy for rationally justifying the performance of rituals.
Principle of ‘apporva’ maintains & assures fruits of rituals.
Goal of life - Attain heaven
Vedas are highest authority, even God has non-important position
Deals with earlier part of Vedas, hence called so.

18
Q

Uttara Mimamsa Darshana (Vedanta)

A

Deals with latter part of Vedas, hence called so.
Conglomeration of 3 schools of thought:
1. Advaita system of Vedanta philosophy - Adi Shankaracharya
2. Visishtadvaita system of Vedanta - Ramanujacharya
3. Dvaita system of Vedanta - Madhvacharya

Introduction to Yoga & Yogic practices (10 decks)

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