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Introduction to Yoga & Yogic practices > Chapter 1.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1.2 Flashcards

Yoga history & Development

1
Q

Origin of Yoga

A

Vedas (Ridveda)

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2
Q

Meaning of “Guru”

A

Gu means “darkness” and Ru means “to destroy”.
Guru is dispeler of darkness.

Mahajnanis (supremely enlightened)

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3
Q

Gurukul

A

The home (family) of the perceptor.

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4
Q

Four ashrams/stages of human life

A
  1. Brahmacharayashrama (bachelorhood)
  2. Grihastashrama (householder)
  3. Vanaprashtha (forest dweller)
  4. Sannyasa (renunciate)
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5
Q

Qualities of Guru

A
  1. Srotriya - knower of Vedas
  2. Bramhanishta - extremely devoted to God
  3. Vinamrata (humility)
  4. Karuna (compassion)
  5. Nishkamabhav (selflessness)
  6. Tyaag (self- sacrifice)
  7. Bhakti (love)
  8. Dharma (righteous conduct)
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6
Q

Creator of yoga : Hiranyagarbhah, as per Rigveda

A

Creator of the whole creation.
Called Vibhu, the nourisher or owner.
Called samashti buddhi ( who has equal thought for the whole group).
Called as virinci (the Brahman) and ajanma (the birthless).

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7
Q

Guru-sishya parampara, depicted in Mundakopanishad.

A

Brahma, Maker of universe & Preserver of the world -> taught knowledge of Yog (brahmavidya or yogvidya) to -> elder son Atharva -> taught to angirasa -> to bhardwaja -> satyavaha

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8
Q

Four periods of Yoga

A
  1. Vedic period Yoga
  2. Pre-classical Yoga
  3. Classical Yoga
  4. Post-classical Yoga
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9
Q

Literature of Yoga in order

A
  1. Shruthi - Vedas
  2. Smruthi - Keep in mind and act
  3. Etihas - 4 epics : Mahabharata, BG, Yoga Vashishta, Hari Vamsa
  4. Puranas - 18 Puranas
  5. Agamas - 3 ie. Tantra, Mantra, Yantra
  6. Darshanas - Aastika & Nastika
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10
Q

Veda, root word “Vid”

A

Means:

  1. To know (knowledge perse)
  2. To be (one with God)
  3. To obtain (salvation)
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11
Q

4 Vedas

A
  1. Rigveda - Sacred hymns of Divinity
  2. Yajurveda - Knowledge of Sacrifices
  3. Samveda - Knowledge of Chants
  4. Atharvaveda - Code for everyday life
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12
Q

6 vedangas

A
  1. Vyakarna (grammar)
  2. Shiksha (phonetics)
  3. Chandas (metres)
  4. Nirukta (Etymology)
  5. Jyotish (astronomy)
  6. Kalpha (rituals)
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13
Q

4 Subsidiary Veda - Upavedas

A
  1. Ayurveda (Medicine)
  2. Dhanurveda (Military Science)
  3. Gandharvaveda (Music)
  4. Shilpaveda (Arts & Architecture)
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14
Q

4 parts of Vedas

A

Karma Kanda:
1. Brahmanas - Collections of rituals & prayers
2. Samhitas - Collections of mantras, hymns & chants
Jnana Kanda:
3. Aranyakas - Appendages of Brahmanas (forest treatises)
4. Upanishads - Knowledge passed through Guru shishya parampara (Vedantas)

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15
Q

Vedanta

A

Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads together propound Vendanta.

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16
Q

Total Number of Upanishads

A

108 (but debatable)

17
Q

Brahmanas

A

Presents ‘karma marg’ or ‘the way of the ritualistic works’

18
Q

Aranyakas & Upanishads

A

Presents ‘jnana marg’ or ‘the way of the intellect’

19
Q

Upanishad meaning

A

sitting nearby devotedly

They are poetic and philosophic.

20
Q

Important classical Upanishads

A

Katha, Isha, Kena, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Chandogya, Brihadararanyaka, Kaivalya, Svetasvatara & Aitareya

21
Q

Upanishad with collection of 108 Upanishads mentioned

A

Muktika Upanishad

22
Q

Yoga related Upanishads

A

Only 20 Upanishads.

Maitri & Svetasvatara contains Yoga objective, aim, practices.

23
Q

What are Bramhasutras

A

Bhadarayan’s Brahmasutras aim at interpreting the Upanishads, removes incoherence & conflicts.

24
Q

Commentaries on Brahmasutra

A

Advaita Vedanta, Visishthasvaita Vedanta, Dvaita Vedanta

25
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Brahman & Atman

A

Atman - individual soul or consciousness
Brahman - Universal consciousness or Truth
Brahman source of outer world, Atman is inner self of man.
Peak - Atman & Brahman are essentially the same.

26
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Idealistic Monism

A

Atman is Brahman. Everything in Universal is self manifested.

27
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Maya & Avidya

A

Maya - makes one Brahman appear as many.

Avidya - Doesn’t allow us to see the reality of the One, instead we see multitudinous world of name and form.

28
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Bhutas

A

5 Sthula Bhutas (fundamental elements):
Earth (Prithvi), Water (aap), Fire (Tejas), Air (Vay) and Ether (akasa)
connected with 5 Sukshma Bhutas (features of the sensory organs), respectively:
Odour, flavour, form, touch and sound

29
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Pancha Kosha

A

First in Taithiriya Upanishad.

5 layers that cover the Reality (Atman/soul).

30
Q

5 Koshas from outer to innermost

A 
Annamaya kosha - Food Body
Pranamaya kosha - Energy Body
Manomaya kosha - Mental Body
Vijnanamaya kosha - Wisdom Body
Anandmaya kosha - Bliss Body
31
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Para Vidya & Apara Vidya

A

All knowledge is classified as:
Para Vidya - complete knowledge, knowledge of Brahman
Apara Vidya - fragmentary knowledge, knowledge of empirical things

32
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Four states of self

A
  1. Jagran - Waking (mind functions)
  2. Swapna - Dreaming (mind functions)
  3. Susupti - Dreamless or deep sleep (supra-mental)
  4. Turiya - Superconscious (supra-mental)
33
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Self-Realisation

A

3-fold training for right knowledge:

  1. Sravana - study of Upanishads under guru
  2. Manana - reflection on what is learned
  3. Nidhidhyasana - Highest form of meditation
34
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Samsara

A

Continuous stream of births and deaths until moksha. Law of Karma governs the type of birth jiva gets every time.

35
Q

Upanishad Concepts: Upanishadic God

A

antayyamyamrtah (inner ruler immortal), that run through all the things and hold them together.

36
Q

Agamas

A

Source for guidance & authority for rituals, Yogic practices and temple construction.
Contains knowledge of Tantra, Mantra and Yantra Yoga.

37
Q

Puranas

A

18 Puranas, written by Maharishi Vedvyasa.

Written to understand Vedic principles

38
Q

Important Puranas for Yoga

A

Bhagavata Purana: Bhakti Yoga
Linga Purana: Details of Yama, Niyama & Pranayama
Vayu Purana: Details of Pratyahara, Dharana & Dhyana

Introduction to Yoga & Yogic practices (10 decks)

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