Chapter 12.4 : Neural Coding & Memory Flashcards
Neural networks are. These nerve structures are responsible for _____ ______.
different patterns of connections between neurons
brain functions
Neural integration is. These groups of neurons are able to _____ and _____ information. We can do 3 things with this information, what are they?
the ability of neural networks to process information
encode ; store
recall this information
use this information to make decisions
return the information to where it is being stored.
Neural network has the ability to process information through
Neural integratio
_________ are the decision making devises of these neural networks
chemical synapses
Synaptic pruning
we can change the number of synapses over time
the more synapses a neuron has
the greater its information-processing capabilities.
As we learn, the number of synapses and dendrites increase, not ____________
the number of neurons
pyramidal cells
in cerebral cortex have about 40,000 synaptic contacts with other neurons
cerebral cortex (main _________ tissue of your brain) has an estimated _______________ synapses
information-processing ; 100 trillion (10 to the 14th power)
The physical basis of memory is a pathway through the brain called a
memory trace or engram
along a memory trace or engram pathway, new synapses are ________ or existing synapses are ______ to make transmission easier (not new neurons!)
created ; modified
synaptic plasticity
the ability to change physical characteristics of a synapse
synaptic potentiation
the process of increasing synaptic transmission
What are the different types of memory?
immediate, short-term and long-term memory
The different types of memory correlate with ____ of synaptic potentiation
modes
declarative VS procedural
knowing what VS knowing how
immediate memory
less than a second /// the ability to have a
perception of something
Sensory Memory
feel for the flow of events (sense of the present)
perception
We remember what we deem as important (Turning 360° experiment)
Short-Term or Working Memory
lasts from a few seconds (may be
extended with rehearsal)
– quickly forgotten if distracted
– e.g. calling a phone number we just looked up
– e.g. ability to read sentence while able to remember the beging and
ending of the sentence
– reverberating circuits /// our memory of what just happened
“echoes” in our minds for a few seconds // i.e. reverberating
circuits
reverberating circuits
our memory of what just happened
“echoes” in our minds for a few seconds
Frontal lobe uses two scratch pad or post-it for short term memory /// ____ __ _____ to facilitate short term memory
visual and audio
Facilitation (also called ______) will cause memory to last longer
rehearsal
tetanic stimulation
rapid arrival of repetitive signals at a
synapse // causes Ca2+ accumulation and postsynaptic cell more likely to fire