Chapter 12 - Weathering, Erosion, and Soils Flashcards
Mechanical or Chemical? Exfoliation
Mechanical
Mechanical or Chemical? Humic acid from decaying plants
Chemical
Mechanical or Chemical? Carbonic acid from the atmosphere
Chemical
Mechanical or Chemical? Talus
Mechanical
What is the main agent of erosion or deposition? Moraines
Glaciers
What is the main agent of erosion or deposition? Mass wasting
Gravity
What is the main agent of erosion or deposition? Abrasion by sandblasting
Wind
What is the main agent of erosion or deposition? Deltas
Water
True or False? Turbulent water and air can carry more sediments than calmer water and air.
True
What is a soil scientist?
Pedologist
What are layers of soil called?
Horizons
What is decayed, organic matter in soil called?
Humus
True or False? It is possible that an area could have soil that is chemically unrelated to the native bedrock beneath it.
True
True or False? Living things have little effect on the soil.
False
True or False? Waves are always involved in mass wasting.
False
True or False? Most of the sediment load in a stream is carried as suspended sediments.
True
True or False? The formation of a delta is most closely related to the process of deposition.
True
True or False? Loess deposits are thought to have been formed by the action of water.
False
True or False? Any fertile soil must contain organic material.
True
True or False? Deposition is a process whereby thin sheets or layers of rock flake off larger rocks, often shaping them into rounded outcropping boulders.
False
True or False? A glacier is a large mass of ice consisting mostly of recrystallized snow that moves under the influence of gravity.
True
True or False? A glacier can actually move uphill against gravity.
False
True or False? Although a plant can contribute to mechanical weathering, it is unable to participate in chemical weathering.
False
True or False? Christians can apply the Creation Mandate by practicing common methods of soil conservation.
True
What are the thin banks of sediment formed on the bottom of lakes that are fed by glacial meltwater?
Varves
What is the depression in the ground moraine that remains when a block of glacial ice melts?
Kettle
What is formed when water chemically combines with carbon dioxide?
Carbonic acid
What is sudden glacial movement?
Glacial surge
What occurs when water enters a crack in a rock, expands as it freezes, and cracks the rock?
Frost wedging
What is a type of mass wasting that slips just a short distance?
Slump
What occurs when two or more glaciers merge and spread out onto a plain at the base of a mountain range?
Piedmont glacier
What is a type of erosion caused by glaciers?
Plucking
What are long, streamlined hills composed of unsorted glacial till?
Drumlines
What is a valuable topsoil containing equal parts sand and silt with about half as much clay?
Loam
