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physics > chapter 12 - waves 2 > Flashcards

chapter 12 - waves 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What two phenomena occur when a wave goes from a higher to a lower refractive index at an angle of incidence less than the critical angle?

A

The ray is refracted and partially reflected.

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2
Q

What is the principle of superposition

A

When two waves meet at a point the resultant displacement is the (vector) sum of the displacements of the individual waves.

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3
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

When two waves superpose in phase causing an increase amplitude.

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4
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

When two waves superpose in antiphase causing a decreased amplitude.

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5
Q

What are coherent sources of waves?

A

Sources that emit waves with a constant phase difference (and the same frequency).

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6
Q

What is an interference pattern?

A

A pattern of regions of constructive and destructive interference produced by coherent sources of waves.

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7
Q

What path difference is required for waves to be in phase?

A

A whole number of wavelengths

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8
Q

What path difference is required for waves to be in antiphase?

A

An odd number of half wavelengths

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9
Q

What is the relationship between path difference and phase difference for coherent sources?

A

(Path difference/wavelength) x 2π

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10
Q

What term describes a phase difference of zero between two waves?

A

In phase

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11
Q

What term describes a phase difference of π radians between two waves?

A

In antiphase

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12
Q

What is x in the double slit equation (λ = ax/D)?

A

Fringe separation

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13
Q

What is D in the double slit equation (λ = ax/D)?

A

Distance between the double slits and the screen

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14
Q

What is a in the double slit equation (λ = ax/D)?

A

Distance between the double slits

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15
Q

What occurs to cause a dark fringe in the double slit experiment?

A

Destructive interference of the light from each slit

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16
Q

What occurs to cause a bright fringe in the double slit experiment?

A

Constructive interference of the light from each slit

17
Q

What did Young’s double slit experiment demonstrate about the nature of light?

A

That light exhibits wave behaviour.

18
Q

What name is given to light of a single frequency/wavelength?

A

Monochromatic

19
Q

Why did Young place a single slit before the double slit?

A

To ensure the light from each of the double slits was in phase.

20
Q

What are the condition required for a stationary wave to form?

A

Two waves travelling/propagating in opposite directions superpose with the same frequency and similar amplitudes

21
Q

What is an antinode on a stationary wave?

A

A point where the progressive waves are in phase and constructively interfering resulting in maximum amplitude

22
Q

What is an node on a stationary wave?

A

A point where the progressive waves are in antiphase and are destructively interfering resulting in minimum amplitude

23
Q

How many wavelengths are there between adjacent nodes of a standing wave?

A

Half a wavelength

24
Q

What is the phase difference between points either side of a node?

A

Pi Rad/180 degrees

25
Q

What is the phase difference of points between two adjacent nodes?

A

Zero

26
Q

How does phase vary along a progressive wave?

A

Changes continuously across each wave cycle.

27
Q

How does amplitude vary in a stationary wave?

A

It varies continuously along the wave. It is a maximum at antinodes and a minimum at nodes.

28
Q

How does amplitude vary in a progressive wave?

A

It is the same at every point along the wave.

29
Q

What type of wave doesn’t transfer energy?

A

Stationary waves

30
Q

What is the fundamental frequency of a string?

A

The lowest frequency which produces a stationary wave on the string.

31
Q

What factors determine the fundamental frequency on a string

A

Length, tension and the mass of the string.

32
Q

What determines the pitch produced by a stationary wave in a musical instrument?

A

The frequency of the 1st harmonic

33
Q

What determines the loudness of sound?

A

The amplitude of the sound wave

34
Q

Why can only certain frequency stationary waves be produced on a stretched string?

A

There must be nodes at the fixed ends and only certain frequencies/wavelengths allow this.

35
Q

What feature of a stationary wave is always formed at an open end of a tube?

A

(Displacement) Antinode

36
Q

What feature of a stationary wave is always formed at a closed end of a tube?

A

(Displacement) Node

37
Q

how do progressive waves differ from stationary waves?

A

progressive: all points have same amplitude, transfers energy
stationary: nodes and antinodes, does not transfer energy

physics (18 decks)

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