Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 0

Nucleotides

Answer 0

Building blocks of nucleic acids (phosphate, sugar, bases)

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid, double stranded nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long chains by covalent bonds

Question 2

Base-pairing

Answer 2

Bonding that occurs between only certain bases in DNA

Question 3

Replication

Answer 3

Duplication or copying of the DNA

Question 4

DNA polymerase

Answer 4

Enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA

Question 5

Telomeres

Answer 5

DNA at the tips of chromosomes

Question 6

What are the four bases??

Answer 6

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 7

What bases pair?

Answer 7

Adenine-thymine

Guanine-cytosine

Question 8

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 8

Double helix

Question 9

What are the three components of DNA?

Answer 9

Phosphate, sugar, base

Question 10

What are the three roles of DNA?

Answer 10

Copying, storing, and transmitting information

Question 11

What did Hershey and Chase discover?

Answer 11

That DNA stores genetic information in cells

Question 12

What did Erwin Chargaff discover?

Answer 12

Base pairing

Chargaff’s Law

Question 13

What did Rosalind Frank discover?

Answer 13

Used an X-ray to see the spiral shape of DNA

Question 14

What did Watson and Crick discover?

Answer 14

Double helix
Structure of DNA
Backbone is made of sugars and phosphates group alternating
Bases are the rungs of the ladders

Question 15

Adenine and thymine (or guanine and cytosine) are….

Answer 15

Complementary

Question 16

What molecule is needed to make more DNA?

Answer 16

An enzyme

Question 17

How does replication occur on a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 17

Begins at one point and proceeds in two directions

Question 18

How does replication occur on a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 18

Begins at dozens/hundreds of places proceeding in two directions