Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1A > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Production of genetically identical offspring from one parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Cell division

A

Process in which cells divide into two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Production of offspring from two parents producing an offspring that is not genetically identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reasons a cell divides (4)

A
  1. ) larger surface area to volume ratio
  2. ) replace cells that died
  3. ) healing
  4. ) growing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What must a cell do before it divides?

A

Grow and replicate organelles and DNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does a cell want a large or small surface area? Why?

A

Large. That way there’s more cell membrane to take in nutrients and food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does a cell want a large or small volume? Why?

A

Small. Then it takes less time and less materials to get nutrients to the cell to keep it alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the formula for surface area?

A

(L x W) x 6 (if it’s a cube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the formula for volume?

A

V= l x w x h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of asexual reproduction (2)

A

1 parent

Offspring is genetically identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of sexual reproduction (2)

A

2 parents

Offspring is not genetically identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chromatin

A

Complex of DNAs and proteins found in chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chromatid

A

Each DNA strand in duplicated chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Centromere

A

Area where duplicated strands of DNA attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Centrioles

A

Organelles that helps with cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spindle fibers

A

Fibers that extend out from the centrioles to divide the chromatid to each side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of DNA in prokaryotes (2)

A

Singular, circular piece

Found throughout the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of DNA in eukaryotes (2)

A

Multiple, strand like

Found in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens in interphase?

A

Definition- the “inbetween” phase of the cell cycle
G1- cell grows
S- organelles and DNA are copied
G2- cell grows

21
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

DNA condenses into chromatid and nuclear membrane dissolves

22
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell. Chromosomes line up along the centromere and attach to spindle fibers

23
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Identical chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

24
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell. They condense into two separate masses and cell membrane begins to pinch together

25
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm pinches in half. Each cell has an identical set of duplicated chromosomes

26
Q

How is the division of plant cells different than the division of animal cells?

A

Plant cells use a cell plate to divide because their cell wall takes more force to divide

27
Q

List the stages of the cell cycle in order

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

28
Q

Cyclin

A

Protein that regulates the cell cycle

29
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

30
Q

Growth factors

A

External regulators that speed up cell division during healing

31
Q

Cancer

A

Unregulated cell growth and division

32
Q

Tumor

A

Mass of cancerous cells

33
Q

Explain the rate of cell division changes as a person gets injured and heals

A

The rate of cell division speeds up when a persons injured and begins healing. After healing, it slows back down.

34
Q

What do internal regulators do? Example?

A

Control events inside the cell

Ex: stopping the cell cycle if the cells not ready for division

35
Q

What do external regulators? Example?

A

Controls events outside the cell

Ex: speeds up or slows down rate of division

36
Q

Ways cell dies (2)

A
  1. Apoptosis- programmed cell death

2. Accident due to damage or injury

37
Q

Ways cancer can be treated (3)

A
  1. ) surgery
  2. ) chemotherapy
  3. ) radiation
38
Q

Causes of cancer

A

Smoking, gene mutation, tanning beds, overexposure to the sun

39
Q

What’s a malignant tumor?

A

A tumor that invades and destroys surrounding healthy tissues and cells

40
Q

What’s a benign tumor?

A

Tumor that does not spread to surrounding tissues

41
Q

Differentiation

A

Process by which cells become specialized

42
Q

Stem cell

A

Unspecialized cell from which specialized cell develop

43
Q

Why is cell differentiation important during development

A

Cell differentiation allows multicellular organisms to be complex and have specialized cells and functions

44
Q

Totipotent

A

Cell that can turn into ANY type of cell

Ex: fertilized egg

45
Q

Pluripotent

A

Can turn into MOST types of cells

Ex: embryonic stem cells

46
Q

Multipotent

A

Cell that can turn into MANY types of cells

Ex: adult stem cells

47
Q

Benefits of stem cell research

A

The damage from heart and nerve problems can be repaired or even reversed

48
Q

Issues of stem cell research?

A

Harvesting the cells destroy the embryo (controversial subject of life and death)

49
Q

What’s the role of chromosomes in cell division?

A

To make sure each cell gets the correct amount of DNA

50
Q

What’s importance of a cell copying the it’s DNA before it divides.

A

To make sure each cell gets the right amount. If it wasn’t right, the cells could either split it and neither have enough or one cell have all the DNA while the other has none

Biology 1A (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions