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AP Euro > Chapter 12 terms > Flashcards

Chapter 12 terms Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

new monarchies

A

france, england, spain, and germany made new monarchies to centralize their government

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2
Q

civic humanism

A

belief that people need to be involved with politics and state

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3
Q

entrepreneur

A

organizes and operates a business

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4
Q

estates

A

social hierarchy divided in 3 estates (1-clergy, 2-nobility, 3-peasants)

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5
Q

hermeticism

A

religious tradition based on writings of hermes trismegistus

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6
Q

humanism

A

focus more on human based life rather than religion aspect, liberal arts and humanities

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7
Q

individualism

A

people were secular from the church, could do anything by themselves

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8
Q

neo-platonism

A

following plato about philosophy and recognised the great chain of being, plato in christianity

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9
Q

nepotism

A

favoring relatives or friends by giving them jobs

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10
Q

pantheism

A

seeing divinity in all aspects of life

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11
Q

renaissance

A

rebirth of everything, started in florence (1400),

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12
Q

secularism

A

separation from church

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13
Q

leonardo bruni

A

humanist, wrote about cicero, “the renaissance man”

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14
Q

erasmus

A

humanist, talked about church, dutch, stayed with henry VIII, supported Luther, wanted to reform but not destroy catholicism, infuenced luther

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15
Q

hanseatic league

A

middle low german area, confederation that was composed of merchant towns, flanders-most important trade centers

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16
Q

lorenzo valla

A

italian humanist and educator that exposed historical hoaxes

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17
Q

johannes gutenberg

A

invented printing press

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18
Q

first estate

A

clergy

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19
Q

l’uomo universale

A

renaissance man

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20
Q

third estate

A

peasants

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21
Q

medici family

A

cloth; commerce; realestate; banking; controlled florence (cosimo and his grandson lorenzos)

22
Q

mirandolo, oration on the dignity of man

A

wrote about the great chain man

23
Q

castiglione, book of a courtier

A

wrote about renaissance man

24
Q

machiavelli, the prince

A

prince should be feared than loved, kicked out of florence, forced to give up politics

25
Q

michaelangelo

A

david, pieta, sistine chapel

26
Q

raphael

A

inspired by michaelangelo, school of athens

27
Q

da vinci

A

closest thing to renaissance man drew anatomy of human body (arms), monalissa, inventions, left handed, wrote backwards, and didn’t talk about his work

28
Q

isabella d’Este

A

first feminist, ruled mantua when husband died, intellectual, “first lady of the world”

29
Q

lollards

A

followers of john wyclif (see below)

30
Q

john wyclif

A

attacked the papacy and christian beliefs in the medieval period denounced their temporal authority

31
Q

john hus

A

attacked excessive power of the papcy within the church, declared free, but then died, hussite wars

32
Q

hussite wars

A

caused by john hus death

33
Q

frequens

A

said that the church woul;d convene to ensure that the church was still reforming

34
Q

sacrosancta

A

stated that a general council of the church received its authority

35
Q

regiomantanus

A

lunar distances used to determine longitude of sea

36
Q

war of roses

A

england, lancaster and york to fight for english crown, lancaster won: became henry tudor (VII)

37
Q

Charles VII

A

dauphin see above

38
Q

Louis XI

A

king, universal spider, got a bunch of land when father died (Charles VII) France

39
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella

A

inquisition, royal councils: chose their own clergymen,

“Spanishness”

40
Q

Maximilian I

A

became holy roman emperor, tried to centralize parliament administratrion, (

41
Q

Charles V

A

son of philip and joanna, ruler of habsburd, burgundian, and spanish territories. habsburg-valois wars with francis I (wanted to be HRE)- surrounded by charles V’s territories (wants unification under catholicism) etc

42
Q

Tudors

A

Henry Tudors eliminated livery and maintenance, established star chamber (Henry VII)

43
Q

livery and maintenance

A

practice by which wealthy aristocrats maintained private armies of followers dedicated to the service of their lord

44
Q

star chamber

A

did not use juries and allowed torture to be used to extract confessions

45
Q

Henry VIII

A

annulment; act of supremacy; treason act; anglican church; wives: catherine of aragon, anne boleyn, jane seymour, anne cleves, catherine howard, catherine parr (lived, beheaded, died, lived, beheaded, survived)

46
Q

moriscos

A

people of muslim background who converted to catholicism during the inquisition

47
Q

marranos

A

people of jewish background who converted to catholicism during the inquisition

48
Q

hasbsburgs

A

holy roman empire remained in the hands of the habsburg dynasty, see maximilian and Charles V

49
Q

spanish inquisition

A

Ferdinand and Isabella asked the pope to introduce the inquisition into spain in 1478 (under royal control); killed moriscos and marranos to purify spain

50
Q

charles the bold

A

duke of burgundy, attempted to create middle kingdom between france and germany, died fighting the swiss- Louis XI added Charles the bold’s possessions to his own lands

51
Q

pope julius II

A

warrior pope- most involved in war and politics

AP Euro (5 decks)

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