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Psych 201 > Chapter 12: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

KT: Agression

A

seeking to cause harm or pain to another person

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2
Q

KT: Altruism

A

people’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

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3
Q

KT: Attitude

A

our evaluation of person, idea or object

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4
Q

KT: Attribution

A

a belief about the cause of a result

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5
Q

KT: Bystander Effect

A

witness/bystander does not volunteer to help victim/person in distress

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6
Q

KT: Cognitive Dissonance

A

psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes/behaviors/cognitions

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7
Q

KT: Individualistic Culture

A

culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy

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8
Q

KT: Collective Culture

A

a culture that focuses on group more than on individual

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9
Q

KT: Romantic Love

A

relationship containing passion & intimacy

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10
Q

KT: Companionate Love

A

containing intimacy & commitment

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11
Q

Confederate

A

a participant in a study that is working with the researchers, unannounced to other participants

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12
Q

KT: Confirmation Bias

A

tendency to seek out information that supports our stereotypes and ignores information that is inconsistent with our stereotypes

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13
Q

KT: Conformity

A

change in a person’s behavior to go along with group even if he does not agree with group

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14
Q

KT: Obedience

A

change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure

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15
Q

KT: Compliabnce

A

going along with a request/demand even if you do not agree with it

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16
Q

KT: Diffusion of Responsibility

A

tendency for no one in a group to help because responsibility to help is spread throughout the group

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17
Q

KT: Stereotyping

A

holding a specific belief/assumption about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics

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18
Q

KT: Prejudice

A

negative attitude & feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group

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19
Q

KT: Discrimination

A

negative action toward an individual as a result of one’s membership in a particular group

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20
Q

KT: Empathy

A

capacity to understand another person’s perspective to feel what they feel

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21
Q

KT: Foot-in-door technique

A

persuader gets a person to agree to bestow small favor/buy small item only to later request larger favor/purchase

22
Q

KT: fundamental attribution error

A

failure to recognize when a behavior of another is due to situational variables and state, not person’s trait/being

23
Q

KT: group polarization

A

strengthening of an original group attitude after discussion of views within a group

24
Q

KT: groupthink

A

modification of opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensu

25
Q

KT: in-group

A

group that we identify with/see ourselves as belonging to

26
Q

KT: out-group

A

group that we view as fundamentally different from us

27
Q

KT: in-group bias

A

preference for our own group over other groupws

28
Q

KT: just-world hypothesis

A

belief that people get outcomes they deserve

29
Q

KT: justification of effort

A

the harder something is, the more worth it holds

30
Q

KT: persuasion

A

process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication

31
Q

KT: prosocial behavior

A

voluntary behavior with intent to help others

32
Q

KT: racism

A

against individual based solely on one’s membership in a specific racial group

33
Q

KT: reciprocity

A

give & take in relationships

34
Q

KT: self-disclosure

A

sharing vulnerable private information

35
Q

KT: self-fulling prophecy

A

expectation held by a person that alters his/her behavior in a way that tends to make it true

36
Q

KT:self-serving bias

A

tendency to explain successes as due to disposition (internal characteristics) but to explain failures as due to situational (external characteristics )

37
Q

KT: situationism

A

view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings

38
Q

KT: social facilitation

A

improved performance when an audience is watching versus when individual performs behavior alone

39
Q

KT: social loafing

A

when someone exerts less effort towards end goal when working in a group because performance can’t be evaluated separately from group

40
Q

KT: social norm

A

group’s expectation of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior for its members (how they’re supposed to behave and think)

41
Q

KT: social psychology

A

study of how the presence of others impacts how a person behaves and reacts

42
Q

KT: social role

A

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting/group

43
Q

List examples of Situational Influences on Behavior

A

people surrounding us, external factors

44
Q

List examples of Dispositional Influences on Behavior

A

someone’s naturally shy, more aggressive, more free thinking, etc.

45
Q

Describe the fundamental attribution error

A

when someone attributes behaviors of someone else as being due to who the person is rather than an unknown external factor/situation

46
Q

How do people’s attitudes internally change through cognitive dissonance?

A
  • can change behavior that doesn’t align (stop smoking)
  • can change thoughts that don’t align ( telling yourself that smoking is healthier if you use certain types of cigarettes)
  • can add a new thought (smoking is healthy for me if it keeps me from eating)
47
Q

What is the importance of justification of effort?

A
48
Q

What are the types of social influence?

A

Normative—-> people conform to group norm to fit in to feel good or to be accepted by a group
Informational—> people conform because they believe the group is competent and has correct information

49
Q

What were the Stanley Milgram experiments and what were the implications?

A

shock experiment, most people chose to shock others due to being instructed to do so by an authority figure

50
Q

Why do prejudice and discrimination exist?

A
51
Q

What are some conditions that influence the formations of relationships?

A
52
Q

What attracts people to each other?

A

Psych 201 (5 decks)

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