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Psych 201 > Chapter 1 : Intro To Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : Intro To Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

KT: A.P.A

A

American Psychological Association

- professional organization representing psychologists in US

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2
Q

KT: Behaviorism

A
  • perspective of psychology that focuses on observing and controlling behavior
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3
Q

KT: Biopsychology

A

the study of how biology influences behavior

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4
Q

KT: Biopsychosocial Model

A

perspective that asserts that biology, psychology an social factors interact to determine an individuals health

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5
Q

KT: Clinical Psychology

A

focus on diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior

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6
Q

KT: Cognitive Psychology

A

study of cognitions/thoughts and their relationship to experiences and actions

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7
Q

KT: Counseling Psychology

A

focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals

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8
Q

KT: Developmental Psychology

A

the scientific study of development across lifespan

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9
Q

KT: Dissertation

A

long research paper about research that was conducted as part of candidates doctoral training

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10
Q

KT: Empirical Method

A

method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument/previous authorities

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11
Q

KT: Forensic Psychology

A

applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system

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12
Q

KT: Functionalism

A

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to it’s enviornment

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13
Q

KT: Humanism

A

perspective that emphasizes potential for good that is innate to all humans

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14
Q

KT: Introspection

A

process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into it’s component parts

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15
Q

KT: the suffix “–ology”

A

denotes “scientific study of”

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16
Q

KT: Personality Psychology

A

the study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique

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17
Q

KT: Personality Trait

A

consistent pattern of thought and behavior

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18
Q

KT: PhD

A
  • Doctor of Philosophy
  • doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences
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19
Q

KT: Post-Doctoral Program

A

allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field

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20
Q

KT: Psychoanalytic Theory

A

focuses on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior

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21
Q

KT: Psychology

A

scientific study of mind and behavior

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22
Q

KT: PsyD

A
  • doctor of psychology
  • doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research skills and focuses more on application psychological principles in clinical context
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23
Q

KT: Sport & Exercise Psychology

A

focuses on interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise and other physically dominant activities (i.e. firefighting & military)

24
Q

KT: Structuralism

A
  • understanding the conscious experience through introspection
  • primarily focused on parts of the mind, not the mind as a whole
25
Q

KT: Functionalism

A
  • how mental actives helped an organism fit into it’s surrounding physical and social environment
  • interested in operation of whole mind vs. just parts
26
Q

What does it mean for Psychology to be an “Empirical Science”?

A

means it’s based on measured data

27
Q

Why is Psychology considered a social-science?

A

because humans are heavily influenced by other’s behavior and vise-versa; can’t study one without it’s relation to others

28
Q

KT: Voluntarism

A
  • doctrine that the will is a fundamental or dominant factor in the individual or the universe
  • people have free will & should know intentions of psychological experiment if participating
29
Q

Define and describe “Gestalt” Psychology

A
  • rough German definition meaning “whole” psychology
  • the perspective that individuals often respond to the perception of how different parts of sensory experience relate to each other as a whole
30
Q

Define and Describe Psychoanalysis

A
  • investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears & conflicts into the conscious mind by various techniques (i.e. dream interpretation and free association)
  • examining unconscious aspects of self & relationships through therapist & client relationship
  • sometimes considered controversial
31
Q

KT: Conditioned Reflex

A

producing a reflex through training (unconscious) to a certain stimuli

32
Q

What is a major object of study for behaviorists?

A

learned behavior and it’s interaction with inborn qualities of organisms

33
Q

What is Behaviorism largely responsible for within Psychology?

A

largely responsible for establishing psychology as a scientific discipline through it’s objective methods and experimentation

34
Q

Where is Behaviorism applied today?

A

still used within behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy

35
Q

Why does the Humanism perspective reject previous research approach?

A

-due to the “reductionist experimentation” nature that didn’t consider the human in it’s entirety

36
Q

How does the Humanism perspective differ from the others?

A

it focuses largely on qualitative, non-measurement based metrics such as happiness, self-concept, meditation and outcomes of humanistic psychotherapy

37
Q

In general, what is the driving factor of humans under the Humanistic perspective?

A

-that humans are generally driven by the desire for acceptance from others/ to obtain love

38
Q

In general, what is the driving factor of humans under the Behavioral perspective?

A

-humans and generally driven by what they’ve learned/experienced along their life journey

39
Q

In general, what is the driving factor of humans under the Psychoanalitic perspective?

A
  • humans are generally driven by unconscious wishes/desires

- sex at the core of most behavior

40
Q

What is the general focus of Cognitive Psychology and what is it primarily interested in?

A
  • focus on thoughts and their relation to experiences and actions using an interdisciplinary approach
  • interested in attention, problem-solving, memory and language
41
Q

In general, what is the driving factors of humans under the Cognitive perspective?

A

-humans are generally driven by mindset (i.e. positive, negative, voyeuristic…..)

42
Q

In general, what is the driving factor under the Biological perspective?

A

-humans are generally driven by how we’re constructed; due to neurotransmitters & genetics

43
Q

What is the difference between Cross-Cultural Psychology and Multi-Cultural Psychology?

A

-cross-cultural psychology compares populations across countries whereas Multi-Cultural Psychology compares individuals from different cultures within a single country

44
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Biopsychology?

A
  • interested in how biology influences behavior and how the structure and function of the nervous system relate to behavior
  • applied through sleep studies, drug use/abuse, ingestive behavior, reproductive behavior, neurodevelopment, nervous system plasticity
45
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Evolutionary Psychology?

A

-interested in ultimate biological causes of behavior and how it has adapted to environment & social environment

46
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Developmental Psychology?

A
  • interested in study of development across lifespan / physical maturation
  • generally applied through cognitive skills, moral reasoning, social behavior & other psychological attributes
47
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Personality Psychology?

A
  • interested in thoughts & patterns that make someone unique
  • applied using a more quantitive approach (identifying traits, measuring them, determining how they interact in particular context)
48
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Social Psychology?

A

-interested in how we interact with and relate to others

49
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Industrial - Organizational Psychology?

A
  • interested in how psychology effects work in an industrial/organization setting
  • applies psychological theories/principles/research for the purpose of higher out put, workplace happiness etc.
50
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Health Psychology?

A
  • interested in how health is affected by interaction of biological psychosocial and sociocultural factors (aka Biospychosocial model)
  • applied in process of achieving better health through public policy, education, intervention, research
51
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Sport & Exercise Psychology?

A
  • interested in psychological aspects of sport performance such as motivation and performance anxiety as well as the effects that sport have on mental & emotional well-being
  • applied in professional sport settings, educational settings, firefighting, military ops, artistic performance and surgery
52
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Clinical Psychology?

A
  • interested in diagnosis & treatment of psychological disorders and problematic behavioral patterns
  • applied in talk therapy, CBT, etc.
53
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Counseling Psychology?

A

-interested in emotional, social, vocational and health-related outcomes in individuals who are considered psychologically healthy

54
Q

What is the basic interest and application of Forensic Psychology ?

A
  • interested in psychological well-being & treatment within the justice system setting
  • applied through assessing person’s competency to stand trial, assessing state of mind of defendants, acting as a consultant on child custody cases, consults on sentencing and treatment recommendations, advising on issues such as eye-witness testimony and child testimony as well as in jury selection process and witness preparation
  • may also provide treatment within the system
55
Q

What is the difference between Behaviorism and Biopsychology?

A

behaviorism focuses more so on the study of behavior when an organism is in a certain environment and context whereas biopsychology focuses more so on the study of behavior as a function of the nervous system, genetics and the brain

56
Q

What is the difference between Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology?

A

Clinical Psychology generally focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders or problematic patterns that an individual may have whereas Counseling Psychology focuses on how an individual interacts in their various aspects of life (emotional, social, vocational, health etc. )

Psych 201 (5 decks)

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