Chapter 12 Social and Personality Development in Adolescence

Question 1

clique

Answer 1

four to six young people who appear to be strongly attached to one another

Question 2

conventional morality

Answer 2

in Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgements are based on rules or norms of a group to which the person belongs

Question 3

crowd

Answer 3

a combination of cliques, which includes both males and females

Question 4

cyberbullying

Answer 4

a form of aggression in which electronic communications are used to intentionally inflict harm on others

Question 5

delinquency

Answer 5

antisocial behavior that includes law-breaking

Question 6

ethnic identity

Answer 6

a sense of belonging to an ethnic group

Question 7

foreclosure

Answer 7

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status of a person who has made a commitment without having gone through a crisis; the person has simply accepted a parentally or culturally defined commitment

Question 8

gender role identity

Answer 8

the gender-related aspects of the psychological self

Question 9

identity

Answer 9

an understanding of one’s unique characteristics and how they have been, are, and will be manifested across ages, situations, and social roles

Question 10

identity achievement

Answer 10

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status achieved by a person who has been through a crisis and reached a commitment to ideological or occupational goals

Question 11

identity crisis

Answer 11

Erikson’s term for the psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when an adolescent’s sense of self becomes ‘unglued” so that a new, more mature sense of self can be achieved

Question 12

identity diffusion

Answer 12

in Marcia’s theory, the idendtity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and who has made no commitment

Question 13

identity versus role confusion

Answer 13

in Erikson’s theory, the stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are

Question 14

moratorium

Answer 14

in Marcia’s theory, the identity status of a person who is in a crisis, but who has made no commitment

Question 15

postconventional morality

Answer 15

in Kolhberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgments are based on authorities outside the self

Question 16

role-taking

Answer 16

the ability to look at a situation from another person’s perpective